语法形容词/副词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。
其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
最高级表示“最……”,用于三者及三者以上之间的比较,用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……”①形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成a.规则变化之口诀:直接加;去e加;双写加;变y加; more/ mostb. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good / well better bestbad / ill worse worstmany / much more mostlittle less leastfar farther, further farther, furtherold older, elder oldest, eldest②比较级前的修饰语still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather;a little, a bit;much, a lot, far, many;twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years形容词的比较等级(2)—常见句型①A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B (与。
一样)He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。
He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。
②A≠ B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B (与。
不一样)They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。
I’ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。
③ A > B 或A < B A + V + 比较级+ than + B (比。
<更>。
)Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。
Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。
④表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/… + as + adj./adv. + as + B(A是B的两倍/四倍/…)This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。
The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。
⑤表示程度的递增主语+ V + 比较级+ and+比较级(…越来越…)主语+ V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (…越来越…)The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。
⑥表示两种情况同时变化The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …,the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …(…越…越…)The more we get together, the happier we’ll be.=If we get together more, we’ll be happier.我们聚得越多,我们就会越高兴。
The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.= If you study h arder, you’ll be better at English.你学习越努力,你的英语成绩越好。
⑦主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级+ n.(pl.) + in/of…(…是最…之一)⑧主语+ V。
+ the+ 最高级+ in/of…(…最…)⑨主语+ V。
+ the+ 比较级+ of the two…(…<两者中>较…的)⑩主语+ V。
+ 比较级+ than + any other +n. (单数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…)主语+ V。
+ 比较级+ than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…)He is taller than any other student i n his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。
= He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest students in his class.A+ V + more/ fewer + 可数名词复数+ than B …(A比B 做更多、更少。
)A+ V + more/ less + 不可数名词复数+ than B …(A比B 做更多、更少。
)Jhon studies more subjects than Nancy.Jhon比Nancy学更多科目。
Students in the USA have more weeks off in the summertime than British students.在夏天美国学生比英国学生有更多周不上课。
12. A+ V + the same (size/ colour/ age...)as + B (A与B一样)My uniform is the same as Simon’s uniform. 我的校服和Simon的校服一样.Millie’s pencil box is the same size as Amy’s pencil box. 我的铅笔盒和Amy的铅笔盒一样大。
A+ V + different from + B (A与B不一样)Kitty’s rubber is different from Simon’s rubber. Kitty的橡皮和Simon的橡皮不一样。
反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself/herself/itself themselves(1)作动词或介词的宾语:经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。
通常表示反身代词与句中的主语是同一人。
它在句中作宾语,不能省略,否则该句是一个意义不完整的错句。
如:He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。
She was talking to herself.她自言自语。
He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。
(2)作主语或宾语的同位语:主要起加强语气的作用,译作“亲自,本身,本人”。
如:Did you make the cake yourself?这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。
(itself作主语the work的同位语)Did you see Mr. Wang himself?你见过王先生本人吗?(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语)(3)作表语:在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。
如:I’m not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。
I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。
祈使句讲解一、祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。
祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。
祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,例:Go and wash your hands. 例如:保持肃静!Be kind to our sister. Watch your steps. 表示禁止的句式有:不准、不要、别、No parking.二、表现形式●肯定结构:1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。
如:Please have a seat here.有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。
如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 。
2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。
如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分)。
如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
●否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don\'t构成,如:Don\'t forget me!Don\'t be late for school!2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don\'t + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。
如:Don\'t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
如:No smoking! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:1、"let" 的否定句有二。
如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let......not" (见例(10)):2、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态(the passive voice),如:Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.3、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词(The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等:Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in.The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please.用"Let\'s"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如:Let's try it, shall we? Let us do it by ourselves, will you?里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。