F R E E O N B O A R D船上交货FOB (insert named port of shipment) Incoterms 2010 船上交货（…指定装运港）GUIDANCE NOTE 序言This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。
“Free on Board”means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards.“Free on Board”是指当卖方在指定的装运港将货物运至买方指定的船上或取得已按此送交的货物，即完成交货。
当货物已运至船上时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移，买方自那时起承担一切费用。
The seller is required either to deliver the goods on board the vessel or to procure goods already so delivere d for shipment. The reference to “procure” here caters for multiple sales down a chain (‘string sales’), particularly common in the commodity trades.卖方必须将货物运到船上或取得已按此送交准备发运的货物。
这里的“取得”适合于多层次链条式销售（线性销售），在商品销售中尤为普遍。
FOB may not be appropriate where goods are handed over to the carrier before they are on board the vessel, for example goods in containers, which are typically delivered at a terminal. In such situations, the FCA rule should be used.FOB不适用于货物在装船之前移交给承运人的情况，比如集装箱内的货物通常在目的地交付。
在这种情况下，应使用FCA术语。
FOB requires the seller to clear the goods for export, where applicable. However, the seller has no obligation to clear the goods for import, pay any import duty or carry out any import customs formalities.FOB要求在需要办理海关手续时由卖方负责货物出口清关。
然而，卖方并没有义务办理货物进口清关、负担任何进口关税或办理任何进口海关手续。
A THE SELLER’ OBLIGATIONS 卖方义务A1 General obligations of the seller 卖方基本义务The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of conformity that may be required by the contract. Any document referred to in A1-A10 may be an equivalent electronic record or procedure if agreed between the parties or customary.卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。
以及经当事人同意或根据交易习惯在A1-A10中提到的任何有同等作用的电子记录或程序的凭证。
A2 Licences, authorizations, security clearances and other formalities许可，授权，安全许可和其他正式手续Where applicable, the seller must obtain, at its own risk and expense, any export licence or other official authorization and carry out all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods.在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。
A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance 运输合同和保险合同a) Contract of carriage 运输合同The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of carriage. However, if requested by the buyer or if it is commercial practice and the buyer does not give an instruction to the contrary in due time, the seller may contract for carriage on usual terms at the buyer’s risk and expense. In either case, the seller may decline to make the contract of carriage and, if it does, shall promptly notify the buyer.卖方没有义务为买方订立运输合同。
但若买方要求，或者如果是商业惯例而买方未适时给予卖方相反指示，则卖方可按照通常条件订立运输合同，费用和风险由买方承担。
在任何一种情况下，卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，则应立即通知买方。
b) Contract of insurance 保险合同The seller has no obligation to the buyer to make a contract of insurance. However,the seller must provide the buyer, at the buyer’s request, risk, and expense (if any), with information that the buyer needs for obtaining insurance.卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。
但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。
A4 Delivery 交货The seller must deliver the goods either by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point, if any, indicated by the buyer at the named port of shipment or by procuring the goods so delivered. In either case, the seller must deliver the goods on the agreed date or within the agreed period and in the manner customary at the port.If no specific loading point has been indicated by the buyer, the seller may select the point within the named port of shipment that best suits its purpose.卖方必须将在买方指定的装运港，在买方指定的装运地点，在约定日期或期限内，按照该港习惯方式将货物交至买方指定的船上或取得已交运的货物。
若买方没有指定具体交货点，那么卖方可选择指定装运港内最适合其目的的交货点。
A5 Transfer of risks 风险转移The seller bears all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4 with the exception of loss or damage in the circumstances described in B5.除B5规定者外，卖方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已按照A4规定交货为止。
A6 Allocation of costs 费用划分The seller must pay 卖方必须支付：a) all costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered in accordance with A4, other than those payable by the buyer as envisaged in B6; and b) where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export, as well as all duties, taxes and other charges payable upon export.除按照B6规定应由买方支付的费用外，卖方必须支付与货物有关的一切费用，直至已按照A4规定交货为止；在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应办理的海关手续费用及出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。