动词：abandon v. 抛弃，放弃acknowledge v. 对……表示谢忱，报偿acquaint v. 熟悉，认识acquire v. (靠自己的能力、努力或行为)获得，得到afford v. 付得起allege v. 断言，宣称alternate v. 交替，轮流anticipate v. 预期applaud v. 赞扬，称赞ascend v. 上升，攀登ascribe v. 归因于，归功于assemble v. 集合，聚集assign v. 分派，指派(职务，任务) attribute v. 归因于base v. 建立在……的基础上bewilder v. 迷惑，弄糊涂breed v. 培育，养育cling v. 坚守，抱紧coincide v. 相同，相一致collaborate v. 合著，合作collide v. 互撞，碰撞commence v. 开始compensate v. 补偿，赔偿complement v. 与……结合，补充comply v. 遵守conceive v. 想出，设想concern v. 涉及condense v. 压缩，浓缩conflict v. 冲突，战争conform v. 符合，遵守，适应confront v. 面对，面临conserve v. 保护，保存consolidate v. 巩固convey v. 表达，传达crash v. (飞机)坠毁cruise v. 航行，漫游dazzle v. 使眩目，耀眼deceive v. 欺骗，哄骗decline v. 下降，减少dedicate v. 奉献，献身，致力于defend v. 为……辩护magnify v. 放大mean v. 打算，意欲mingle v. 混合起来，相混合minimize v. 对……做最低估计monitor v. 检测，监测neglect v. 忽视occupy v. 占领，使忙碌oppress v. 压迫originate v. 首创，起源overlap v. 部分重叠 overwhelm v. 压倒，浸没，使不安parade v. 游行permeate v. 渗入，渗透prescribe v. 处方，开药preside v. 主持prolong v. 延长，拖延promise v. 许诺propel v. 推进，推动protest v. 抗议，反对provoke v. 引起，激起radiate v. 辐射状发出，从中心向各方伸展出reconcile v. 使和好，调解refresh v. 提神，使清新refute v. 证明……不对(是错误的)，驳诉remain v. 停留，依旧是repel v. 抗御，抵拒defy v. 违抗，藐视deny v. 否认deprive v. 剥夺derive v. 得来，得到descend v. 下落descend v. 下来，下去deserve v. 值得deviate v. (使)背离，(使)偏离disguise v. 假扮，伪装dominate v. 统治，占据drain v. 渐渐耗尽duplicate v. 复制，重复eliminate v. 消除 endure v. 忍受，忍耐 enhance v. 提高，增加 enhance v. 提高enroll v. 使成为……的成员，注册 evoke v. 引起，唤起 exclaim v. 呼喊，欢呼expire v. 到期，期满 explore v. 探险，探索 flap v. (鸟)振翅(飞行) follow v. 遵从furnish v. 配备，装饰 gaze v. 凝视，注视 gear v. 使适应，使适合grieve v. 使伤心，使悲伤 hamper v. 妨碍，限制 haul v. 拖，拉hinder v. 阻碍，妨害 hoist v. 举起，升起，吊起 identify v. 认出，确认ignite v. 引燃 immerse v. 使浸没 impose v. 把……强加于 induce v. 劝诱，诱导indulge v. 纵容，放任intend v. 意欲interpret v. 解释，说明jeopardize v. 危及，损坏linger v. 逗留，徘徊，留恋；迟缓，拖延locate v. 位于rescue v. 营救，救援resign v. 辞职resort v. 求助，凭借，诉诸resume v. 重新开始，继续revenge v. 报仇，报复scan v. 细察，审视scrape v. 剥下，刮下scratch v. 抓，搔shrink v. 收缩，减少standardize v. 使标准化steer v. 驾驶，引导strengthen v. 加强，使更强壮stretch v. 伸展subscribe v. 预订，订阅suck v. (用嘴)吸，吞噬，卷入suppress v. 镇压sustain v. 承受tackle v. 解决，处理tempt v. 引诱，劝诱terminate v. 终止，结束transmit v. 传播，传递verify v. 证实，证明view v. 视为，看做wreck v. (船只)失事名词：access n. 入口，通路，接触accommodation n. 住宿，膳宿acknowledgement n. 承认，感谢，致谢admiration n. 欣赏advocate n. 提倡者，拥护者allowance n. 津贴ambition n. 野心，雄心analogy n. 相似，模拟，类比anticipation n. 预期，期望appreciation n. 感谢，感激array n. 陈列，一系列assurance n. 保证blame n. 责任blunder n. 错误，大错budget n. 预算capability n. 能力，才能cash n. 现金expenditure n. 开支extinction n .灭绝fashion n. 方式，样子flaw n. 裂纹，瑕疵fortune n. 财产，大笔的钱fraction n. 小部分，一点fuse n. 保险丝guarantee n. 保修单guilt n. 犯罪harmony n. 与……协调一致，和谐hospitality n. 友好款待，好客humor n. 情绪，心境illusion n. 错觉，假象ingredient n. 成分insight n. 理解，洞察力inspection n. 检查，视察instinct n. 本能，直觉integrity n. 正直，诚实intuition n. 直觉lease n. 租约，契约legislation n. 立法，法律limitation n. 局限性，缺点loyalty n. 忠诚，忠心luxury n. 奢侈，豪华manifestation n. 表现(形式) mechanism n. 机械装置minority n. 少数misfortune n. 不幸，灾难morality n. 道德，美德notion n. 概念，观念，理解obligation n (法律上或道义上的)责任occasion n. 场合opponent n. 敌人，对手ornament n. 装饰，装饰品participation n. 参加，加入pastime n. 消遣，娱乐pattern n. 模式penalty n. 制裁，惩罚pension n. 养老金personality n. 人格，人性circulation n. (书报等的)发行量commitment n. 承诺，许诺compensation n. 补偿，赔偿consideration n. 考虑constitution n. 组成，构成consultant n. 顾问controversy n. 争论，辩论damage n. 损坏9debate n. 争论，辩论denial n. 否认，否定，拒绝给与(正义，权利)digest n. 摘要，简编dilemma n. 窘境，困境distinction n. 区分，辨别emergency n. 紧急情况encouragement n. 鼓励essence n. 本质estimate n. 估计pledge n. 保证，誓言position n. 位置，职位，职务predecessor n. 前任，原有的事物premise n. 前提，假设prescription n. 处方preservation n. 保护，防护prestige n. 威信，威望priority n. 优先(权) prospect n. 前景，可能性rate n. 速度ration n. 比率recession n. (经济)衰退，不景气；撤退，退出reflection n. 反映，表现reputation n. 名声，声望reservation n. 贮存，贮藏reservation n. 预订revenue n. 税收，岁入rival n. 竞争对手routine n. 常规，惯例，例行公事scene n. 景色，景象scorn n. 轻蔑，鄙视shortage n. 短缺，不足smash n. 打碎，粉碎stability n. 稳定(性)，稳固stack n. 堆，一堆standard n. 标准surface n. 表面temperament n. 气质，性格threshold n. 开端，入口tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力transaction n. 处理，办理，交易transition n. 过渡，转变trend n. 倾向，趋势variation n. 变化，变动warehouse n. 货仓way n. 方式形容词：abnormal α.不正常的absurd α.荒缪的abundant α.丰富的acute α.敏锐的锋利的aggressive α.侵略的好斗的ambiguous α.模棱两可的模糊的ambitious α.有雄心的有抱负的appropriate α.合适的恰当的authentic α.可靠的可信的average α.一般的普通的barren α.贫瘠的不毛的bound α.一定的chronic α.慢性的commentary α. 实况报道compact α.紧凑的小巧的competitive α.竞争性的具有竞争力的compact a. 紧凑的，小巧的competitive a. 竞争性的，具有竞争力的compulsory a. 强迫的，强制的，义务的confidential a. 机紧的，秘密的conservative a. 保守的，传统consistent a. 和……一致conspicuous a. 显而易见的，引人注目的crucial a. 关键的current a. 当前的current a. 当前的decent a. 体面的，像样的，还不错的delicate a. 精细的，微妙的，精心处理的destructive a. 毁灭的economic a. 经济的elegant a. 优雅的，优美的，精致的embarrassing a. 令人尴尬的energetic a. 精力充沛的equivalent a. 相等的eternal a. 永恒的，无休止的exclusive a. 独有的，排他的97-1-60 extinct a. 灭绝的extinct a. 灭绝的，绝种的fatal a. 假的，冒充的fatal a. 致命的，毁灭性的feasible a. 可行的feeble a. 脆弱的，虚弱的rough a. 粗略的，不精确的rude a. 粗鲁的，不礼貌的sensitive a. 敏感的sheer a. 完全的，十足的shrewd a. 精明的stationary a. 固定的subordinate a. 次要的，从属的subtle a. 微妙的，精巧的，细微的superficial a. 肤浅的suspicious a. 对……怀疑gloomy a. 暗淡的greasy a. 油腻的identical a. 相同的，一样的imaginative a. 富有想象力的，爱想象的inaccessible a. 可接近的，易使用的inadequate a. 不充分的，不适当的incredible a. 难以置信的indifference a. 不关心的，冷漠的indignant a. 生气的，愤怒的infectious a. 传染的，传染性的inferior a. 较次的，较劣的inferior a. 地位较低的，较差的inherent a. 固有的，生来的inspirational a. 灵感的intent a. 专心的，专注的intricate a. 复杂精细的intrinsic a. 固有的，本质的，内在的irreplaceable a. 不能替换的，不能代替的literal a. 文字的，字面的，逐字逐句的massive a. 大规模的，大量的merciful a. 仁慈的，宽大的mobile a. 活动的，流动的naive a. 言行自然而天真的，质朴的negligible a. 可忽略的，微不足道的notorious a. 臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的obedient a. 服从的，顺从的obscure a. 模糊不清的optimistic a. 乐观的original a. 原先的，最早的pathetic a. 悲哀的，悲惨的persistent a. 坚持不懈的potential a. 可能的，潜在的prevalent a. 普遍的，流行的primitive a. 原始的，早期的proficient a. 熟练的，精通的profound a. 深刻的，深远的prominent a. 突出的，杰出的prompt a. 即刻的，迅速的raw a. 自然状态的，未加工的relevant a. 与……有关的respectable a. 可尊敬的rewarding a. 值得的tedious a. 冗长的，乏味的trivial a. 琐碎的，不重要的turbulent a. 动荡的，混乱的00-6-44 underlying a. 潜在的versatile a. 多才多艺的vivid a. 生动的，栩栩如生的void a. 无效的vulnerable a. 易受伤的worth a. 值得写作表达：越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that许多问题：a host of/a number of problems引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society获得成功：achieve/accomplish success提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one's life剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way采取措施：take effective steps/measures to控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培养对……的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience表现出自信心等：project one's confidence/feeling/image生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice追求学习/职业：pursue one's academic interest/professional career学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom发表看法：voice/express one's opinion持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of求得帮助：enlist one's support/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is …改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one's job/work/school参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) one's skill/ability加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) one's mental horizons 有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience…to practice/daily life/good use取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's ability充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for单词辨析：1.abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的"放弃"之意abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋eg.forsake one'swife and children遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指"停止" eg.quit work停止工作2.accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的"装饰品"之意accessory [常作pl.]指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等)decoration 指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品ornament 指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换)3.accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有"完成"之意accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止4.accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义5.accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的"指控,控告"之意accuse sb. of doing sth.为…指责某人,控告某人charge sb. with doing sth.指控某人…6.achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西7.acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, recognize都含有一定的"承认"之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等)concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等8.affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的"宣称，断言"之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点9.alarm, dread, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror都含有一定的"惊恐"之意alarm 惊恐,忧虑,指突然遇到危险产生的紧张,害怕,惊慌失措的心理状态,也可指一般的担心忧虑(take/feel alarm at…因…而惊恐)dread 担忧,惧怕,多指因预料有危险和不愉快的事面临而产生的不安心情,比fear更为强烈的恐惧fear 表示恐惧最普通的用语,指遇到危险或灾难内心感到不安或发慌fright 指突然的惊恐horror 令人毛骨悚然,使人极其厌恶的恐怖(常用于强调表现出恐怖的现象或行为,而不强调引起恐怖的原因)panic 恐慌(指吃惊以后随之而来的不知所措,神经几乎失控的状态)terror 恐怖(指个人安全受到严重威胁时所产生的巨大恐惧及惊骇)10.alter, change, convert, modify, shift, transform, vary都含有一定的"改变"之意alter 改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一种事物change 改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用.convert 使转变,变化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化,而不是本质上的巨大变化,也可用于改变某人的政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其他词所没有的modify 修改,变更,较正式,常用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大的变化shift 指位置或方向的移动,改变transform 指外形或面貌的改变,彻底改变性格,性质等vary 改变,不同,有区别,变化11.alternative, choose, pick, select都含有一定的"选择"之意alternative adj. n. 供选择的,抉择,供选择的东西.指在两者之间进行选择,两者选一的choose 适用范围最广,指从众多的对象中挑选,这中挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断,不强调客观标准.它所选择的对象可以是不同种类的,可以是有形的或无形的.还常带有最终选定的含义,即表示选定候不再变化.pick 口头用语,指仔细地,精心地选择,含有挑剔的意思.一般指挑选有形的东西select 语气比choose重,多用于正式场合.指仔细地,审慎地精选,强调客观性,而不是主观性.所挑选的对象可以是有形或无形的,但一定是同种类的.12.altitude, aptitude, attitude, latitude都非常形近altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 meters above sea level海拔20,000米)aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性attitude 态度,看法latitude 纬度(longitude经度)13.ample, adequate, plentiful, sufficient都含有一定的"足够,丰富"之意ample 指不仅能达到应有的程度,满足需要,而且还有余,一般不修饰数量不定的名词(ample time充裕的时间;an ample basket of fruit满满一篮水果;ample space宽敞的空间)adequate 足够的,充分的,指数量和质量上复合一个特定的标准或不太高的要求plentiful 丰富的,很多的,富裕的sufficient 尤指程度上多到能满足或达到某种特殊需要,特别是精神上的需要14.amplify, enhance, enlarge, expand, magnify都含有一定的"扩大,提高"之意amplify 放大,扩大,增强,指放大,增强(信号等)enhance 提高,增强,指(价格,力量,吸引力,声望)等的增加,提高.enlarge 指体积,大小,范围,能力等方面的增加expand 既可指数量上或体积上的增加,也可用来之前后左右上下任何方向的扩大,也指知识的增长,生意的扩大magnify 指放大,扩大(声音,照片等)15.annoy, furious, indignant, irritate, provoke都含有一定的"恼怒"之意annoy 指有余被迫忍受某种不愉快甚至讨厌的事情而失去耐心或沉着(be annoyed at/by sth. be annoyed with sb. 对某人/某事很生气)furious 狂怒的(be furious with sb. be furious at/about sth对某人/某事大发雷霆)indignant 强调的是愤怒,愤慨,愤愤不平irritate 指一再打扰某人,终于使其失去耐心而发怒.provoke 激怒(人,动物),使生气(provoke sb. to do /into doing...刺激某人做某事)16.apparatus, appliance, equipment, facility, instrument都含有一定的"器具"之意apparatus 指"一套仪器,一套器械,装置"appliance 通常指需要动力才能操作的家用电器和装置等equipment 指"设备,装备"facility (pl.)"设备,设施",只是工作生活便利的工具和环境instrument 指精密的或科学的和艺术上使用的器具等17.answer, reply, respond都含有一定的"回答"之意answer 用的最广,几乎可指口头,书面乃至行动所表示的一切reply指较为正式或经过考虑的答复,除了后面接直接宾语或以that开始的句子外,一般只用作不及物动词,后面连用to,表示回答旁人的问题(话语,信件,祝贺,攻击等)respond 一般指对紧急问题或请求作出答复,或用行动对所说或所做的事情做出反应。