Legal English (revised version for the students) Ch.1 The Main Features of Legal English 一、法律英语的英译： David Mellinkoff（加州大学洛杉矶分校法学院教授）：《The Language of the Law》1963 1.legal English---Lawful English Legal parlance（说法、用语）/legal lingo（行话、隐语）/legal jargon（行话、黑话）/legalese( 法律八股文)/language of jurisprudence(法理语言) 2. the English Language of the Law or shortened as “the language of the law” 3. 法律英语与法学英语 二、法律英语的范围： 是否凡是涉及法律的英语（词汇、表达方法、句子结构……）都是法律英语？ 英美法学界所公认的法律英语主要是指普通法国家（common-law countries）的法律人所用的习惯语言（customary language），包括某些词汇、短语，或具有特色的一些表达方法(mode of expressions)。 三、法律英语的主要特点： I. precise or exact (准确) 正常情况下，起草法律文件时，用词造句务必十分精准（with great exactness），因为一旦笔者的思想、观点、企图落实成文字，即成为法庭判断是非的重要依据，因为按严格解释原则(principle of strict construction)或唯名论原则(principle of nominalism)，尽管实践中还存在推测意图原则(principle of presumed intent)，但其不占主导地位，书面文字仍然是法官解释法律文件的唯一依据。 实务中鉴于对法律文件中文字的理解不一，也是常有纠纷出现： e.g. The Charter required that directors “shall be elected on a vote of the stockholders representing not less than two-thirds of outstanding capital st ock of the corporation.” 甲方理解成：被选上董事的人需三分之二的股东投票赞成(a candidate to be elected needs the votes of two-thirds of the stockholders ) 乙方则认为：选董事时须有三分之二的股东出席(two-thirds of the stockholders must be present at the meeting at which the election is held) What’s the judge’s opinion? e.g. 一个阿肯色州的美国人临终前写了一个遗嘱，遗嘱写道： The remainder of the testator’s property should be “divided equally between all of our nephews and nieces on my wife’s side and my niece.” 问题出在对“between”一词的理解上。立遗嘱人妻子一边的外甥和外甥女加在一起共有22个。这句话是指立遗嘱人的遗产的一半归其妻子方的22个外甥和外甥女，另一半归其本人一方的外甥女？还是指将遗产在双方的外甥外甥女中平均分配呢？ 为达准确之目的，常使用下列招法： 1. 使用专门术语（下文有述） 2. 重复使用具有绝对含义的词汇，如all , none, perpetuity, never, unavoidable; 3. 使用具有绝对限制含义的短语：
工程编号：__________________ Project No.: 合同编号：__________________ Contract No.: 建设工程施工合同 Construction Contract for Construction Projects 工程名称： Name of project: 工程地点： Location of project: 发包人： Client: 承包人： Contractor:
目录 Table of Contents 第一部分合同协议书……………………………………………………......................…...错误！未定义书签。 Part I Contract Agreement ………………………………………......................…...错误！未定义书签。 一、工程概况 (17) I. Project Overview (17) 二、合同工期 (18) II. Project Duration under Contract (18) 三、质量标准 (18) III. Quality Standard (18) 四、签约合同价与合同价格形式 (18) IV. Contract Price and Form of Contract Price (18) 五、项目经理 ..........…..........…..........…..........…..........…..........…..........…..........…错误！未定义书签。 V. Project Manager (19) 六、合同文件构成...................................................................................... . (19) VI. Composition of Contract Prices (19) 七、承诺 (20) VII. Undertakings (20) 八、词语含义 (20) VIII. Meanings of Terms (20) 九、签订时间..........…..........…..........…...................................... 2错误！未定义书签。 IX. Time of Signing (21) 十、签订地点 (21) X. Place of Signing (21) 十一、补充协议............. .. (21) XI. Supplementary Agreement (21) 十二、合同生效............................................................................................ . (21)
广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment
顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一，信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods
经典英文广告语20条 经典英文广告语20条 1． Good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡) 2． Obey your thirst． 服从你的渴望。（雪碧） 3． The new digital era． 数码新时代。（索尼影碟机） 4． We lead． Others copy． 我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机） 5． Impossible made possible． 使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机） 6． Take time to indulge． 尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌） 7． The relentless pursuit of perfection． 不懈追求完美。（凌志轿车） 8． Poetry in motion， dancing close to me． 动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车） 9． Come to where the flavor is． Marlboro Country． 光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。（万宝路香烟） 10．To me， the past is black and white， but the future is always color．对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。（轩尼诗酒） 11. Just do it. 只管去做。（耐克运动鞋） 12. Ask for more. 渴望无限。（百事流行鞋） 13. The taste is great. 味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡） 14. Feel the new space. 感受新境界。（三星电子） 15. Intelligence everywhere. 智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机） 16. The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。（百事可乐） 17. We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成，您超越自我。（三菱电工） 18. Take TOSHIBA, take the world. 拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子） 19. Let’s make things better. 让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子） 20. No business too small, no problem too big.
常见英文合同翻译与详解
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
外国语学院 毕业论文 (2012级) 论文题目 广告英语的特点及其翻译 外国语学院 商务英语 12商务英语2 3120621204 骆飘 王习 2015.05.31 成 绩 作者姓名 专业 二级学院 班级 指导老师 完稿时间 学号
骆飘 摘要：随着经济全球化步伐的加快，广告英语越来越多的融入到我们的生活中。广告英语作为一种特殊用途的语言，有着自己鲜明的特点。本文首先从语言特点、句型特色和修辞特色方面对广告英语的特点进行分析并举例论证。然后从广告英语的词汇、句法、修辞特征说明其翻译原则。再从直译和互译以及套译这三个方面来探讨翻译的方法。最后从文化的不同和翻译者的态度这两个方面论述翻译中存在着的问题和产生的影响。 关键词：广告英语；特点；翻译原则；翻译方法；问题 Abstract: With the development of society, the accelerated pace of economic globalization, the advertising English more and more integrated into our lives. Advertising English as a as a kind of special use language, has its own distinctive features. This article from the aspects of vocabulary, sentence and rhetoric to the features of advertising English is analyzed and an example. Then from the vocabulary, sentence and rhetorical features of advertising English translation principles. From literal translation and translation and translation of these three aspects to explore the methods of translation. Finally from the attitude of the cultural differences and translators in translation of these two aspects exist problems and the impact of. Key words:The characteristics of advertising English; Characteristic; The principle of translation; translation method 一、引语 1
法律英语翻译：法律翻译常用词汇注释（A-Z） A Ab initio Ab initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。在法律英语中，ab initio 的使用频率较高，比较常见。如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（自始无效）等。 Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。 Acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立。刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal 是名词。详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。 Action act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 Adjourn
经典广告词中英文翻译2．Obey your thirst．服从你的渴望。（雪碧） 3．The new digital era．数码新时代。（索尼影碟机） 4．We lead．Others copy．我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）5．Impossible made possible．使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机） 6．Take time to indulge．尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌） 7．The relentless pursuit of perfection．不懈追求完美。（凌志轿车）8．Poetry in motion，dancing close to me．动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）9．Come to where the flavor is．Marlboro Country． 光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。（万宝路香烟） 10．To me，the past is black and white，but the future is always color．对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。（轩尼诗酒） 11. Just do it.只管去做。（耐克运动鞋） 12. Ask for more.渴望无限。（百事流行鞋） 13. The taste is great.味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡） 14. Feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星电子） 15. Intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机） 16. The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。（百事可乐） 17. We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成，您超越自我。（三菱电工） 18. Take TOSHIBA, take the world. 拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子） 19. Let’s make things better.让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子） 20. No business too small, no problem too big. 没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（IBM公司） 1 Good to the last drop 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽麦式咖啡Maxwell 2 Time is what you make of it 天长地久斯沃奇手表Swatch 3Make yourself heard 理解就是沟通爱立信Ericsson 4Start ahead 成功之路从头开始飘柔rejoice 5Diamond lasts forever 钻石恒久远，一颗永流传第比尔斯De Bieeres 6Things go better with Coca-cola 饮可口可乐万事如意 7Connecting people Nokia 科技以人为本诺基亚Nokia 9A Kodak moment 就在柯达一刻柯达Kodak 10Mosquito Bye Bye Bye，蚊子杀杀杀雷达牌驱蚊虫剂RADAR
AGREEMENT FOR XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX BETWEEN AND
THIS AGREEMENT is made onXX/XX/2011，by and between . （hereinafter called “The employer”）and Company Ltd. （hereinafter called “The contractor”）. WHEREAS: 1.The employer is desirous of carrying out the (hereinafter referred to as “The Works”) 2.The contractor has agreed to execute the said work in strict compliance with the terms of this Agreement. NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: http://biz.doczj.com/doc/1c6233572.html,mencement: This Agreement shall commence on the date first above written. 2.Location of work：The employer’s worksite in . 3.Scope of work：The contractor shall undertake the . 4.Period of completion： The work shall be completed within a period of days from the date first above written as commencement date in this agreement. 5.Contract sum：The total value of the contract shall be the sum N Naira only. 6.Mode of payment: First installment：The employer shall pay to the contractor ninety five percent of the total price, i.e. Naira only upon completion of the work. Second installment: The employer shall pay to the contractor five percent
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.
4A 广告公司中常用英语词汇(zt) below-the-line advertising 线下广告除线上广告以外的各种广告形式。如促销广告(sales promotion advertising) 购物点广告 (P.O.Padvertising) ，直接邮递广告(direct mailadvertising) ，还包括举办展览会(exhibition) 和发起某项活动(sponsorship) 等。 billboard advertising 路牌广告 张贴或直接描绘在固定路牌上的广告。一般用喷绘或油漆手工绘制在路牌上。 brand advertising 品牌广告 宣传产品品牌的广告，旨在建立品牌忠诚度( brand loyalty )，使消费者或用户乐于认定或接受广告中的牌号。亦称产品广告( product advertising )。 brand preference 品牌偏好在同一类商品中，消费者对某一种品牌具有偏好而指定购买。其原因主要是使用后的满足感。品牌偏好与消费者的生活方式和消费习惯也有关。 brand insistence 品牌坚持 消费者购买某一种商品时指定要某一品牌，而其他品牌不能替代。先决条件是该品牌的产品质量好，广告有说服力，消费者用后感到满意。品牌坚持是产品广告的最高目标。 brand loyalty 品牌忠诚指消费者对某一品牌具有特殊的嗜好，因而在不断购买此类产品时，仅仅是认品牌而放弃对其他品牌的尝 brand name 产品名称产品的名称即“品牌名称”。好的品牌名称必须简洁、易读、易记、易写。美国有为产品取名的专业机构，他们利用电脑，把26个英文字母搭配成各种名称。有些品牌著名于世界，如克宁奶粉(Klim )，柯达(Kodak) 等。品牌名称可以作为注册商标，但应符合商标法的规定。 buyer 's market 买方市场或称买主市场。是以买方为中心的市场。当高超上卖主多买主少，商品供过于求，卖主竞相推销商品，买主呈观望态势，往往会导致商品价格下跌。在买方市场上买主处于支配地位。 Banner 横幅广告，一个表现商家广告内容的图片，放置在广告商的页面上，是互联网广告中最基本的广告形式，尺寸是480*60 像素，或233*30 像素，一般是使用GIF 格式的图像文件，可以使用静态图形，也可用多帧图像拼接为动画图像。除普通GIF格式外，新兴的RichMediaBanner (丰富媒体Banner)能赋予Banner更 强的表现力和交互内容，但一般需要用户使用的浏览器插件支持( Plug-in )。Banner 一般翻译为网幅广告、旗帜广告、横幅广告等。 brand share 品牌占有率
A Ab initio 从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。 acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 Acquittal 罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal 是名词。 Act act在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。 Action act在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action 提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 Adjourn 休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。 Admission admission是admit的名词，在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中，则通常是法律程序中的一个用语，意思是采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 Adopt adopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 Affect affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一，意思是影响，通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），确实非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same．任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。