New College English Integrated Course 2Part ⅠReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)（15 minutes)Section ADirections: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For question 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choicer marked A ），B ），C ) and D ). For questions 1-7, complete the sentences with he information given in the passage.（1）The Generation Gap at WorkWhat is wrong with these kids today? Nothing. You have more in common with younger workers than you think.As offices go, the editorial suites at Time Inc. are pretty laid back. T-shirts are fine. Shave if you like. Any type of shoe--slides,sneakers of high heel--it is our choice.Yet there‘s a limit to what passes for acceptable appearance, and I was sure a recent bunch of college graduates had apparently gone beyond it with their nose rings, tattoos and low-rise pants. These were good, right kids. Why he obvious show of disrespect?My younger colleagues wondered, too. But they were more amused than shocked, and it occurred to me that there is a widening generation gap when it comes to interpreting casual Fridays. And that‘s not all: Young folks are putting their stamp on the workplace in ways far more reaching tha n their dress.And we boomers don‘t necessarily like it.We are all part of a new-age experiment: four generations working side by side yet often speaking a different language. Think that is an exaggeration? Go ahead. Try to decode this twenty something text message: WU CMIW that was CLM or maybe CS.（What‘s up?Correct me if I‘m wrong. That was a career-limiting mover or maybe career suicide.)Boomers, the older ―silent‖ generation,and younger ones known as X and Y bring vastly different histories, values and work habits to the job. These gaps have led to stereotypes that prevent us from getting things done.Nearly 60 percent of Human Resources managers at large companies say they have observed office conflicts (冲突)that flow from generational differences,according to the Society for Human Resource Management.Tensions typically come from perceptions (感性认识) of loyalty and respect -as in ,we think the kids don‘t have any .Yet the latest research shows that we may be likeminded after all.Tearing down some key myths(神话) may help you get past the tattoos and belly buttons in your office.Myth No.1:Young workers love changeIt‘s commonly thought that young people welcome change as enthusiastically as older workers resist it. Not so.In a study of 3,200 workers ,only 12 across the generations said they liked change at the office,reports the Center for Creative Leadership.―Resistance to change is not about age,it‘s about how much you stand to gain or lose ,‖says the Center‘s Jennifer Deal,author of ―Retiring the Generation Gap:How Employees Young and Old Can Find Common Ground .‖In general,older workers have more to lose.But many younger workers have the same anxieties.Don‘t make assumptions based on age,says Deal.Ask your young colleagues how a shift would change their life .If it‘s for the better ,can you blame them for loving it?But it might be as upsetting to them as it is to you --and it could be a uniting moment.Myth No.2:Generation X-and Y-ers lack a strong work ethic(职业道德)Not true.But coming of age under very different circumstances has affected our work styles.Boomers had to fight for jobs and work long hours to keep them and get ahead because there were so many of petition was keen.Work became central to our identities,and with two-earner households,we did much of our socializing in professional circles.But Generation X is much smaller and has never known a lack of jobs.They can demand more or move on.They have seen their parents get downsized,seeming victims of company loyalty,and watched them struggle to cope with career and family.That different history has led to marked differences and work-life balance they want.Ask them to come into the office over the weekend and they are quick to resist.―Their time off is their time off,‖says Gary Westerman,a former employment consultant.Yet that does not mean they wont get the job done.If they must,they‘ll work from the beach on their laptop.And they‘re more likely to come in promptly and steer clear of the water-cooler chats so popular among boomers.They focus,finish and leave.Boomers need to appreciate these style differences.Look at the results.not the process.Myth No.3:They disrespect eldersThis get back to the dress issue.Ｗhen boomers entered the work force,tattoos and body piercings were for bikers and lowlifes.Yet Generation X and Generation Y see these expressions (in tastefully modest doses) as normal,even attractive - not a way to thumb their nose at authority(权威).The question of respect goes beyond a dress code.Boomers got ahead by doing what they were told and expect younger workers to similarly fall in line .But with their influence in the work place,twenty-and -thirty-somethings don‘t have to take what you say on faith.They want to know why they‘re being asked to perform a task.This is not disrespect.They have more options than you did at that age.But if you are clear in what you expect and explain the reasons behind a particular assignment,they will respond.Myth No.4:Younger workers prefer to go it alone―Boomers like to call a meeting,‖says Robert Wendover,managing director for the Center for Generational Studies. ―Generation X-ers would rather e-mail or text.‖ But while younger workers are more accepting of technology,corresponding via text message and preferring to communicate online instead of in a meeting hardly qualifies as going it alone.All generations value working with capable colleagues despite age,says Deal of the Center for Creative Leadership.Boomers accustomed to face time may misread young workers‘preference for tech time as isolationist(孤立主义者).It is anything but --if you know to use the tools.So learn them.And then give the kid a chance.Soon you won‘t even notice the silver stud(饰钉)in her tongue.1.This passage is mainly about___A_____.A)the generation gap in the workplaceB)the dress code in the offices of Time Inc.C)the change young folks ae making on the jobD)the disrespect of the young towards the old2.What prevents work form getting dong in workplace?___C____A)Inexperience of the younger generation.B)Silence on the part of the older generation.C)Stereotypes about young workers.D)Inability to understand each other‘s language.3.In the eyes of the older generation,, young workers__D__.A)don‘t know how to behave in the office.B)don‘t know how to get work doneC)don‘t care about their appearanceD)don‘t have any loyalty and respect4.According to the Center for Creative Leadership,young workers____B____.A)welcome change enthusiastically B)do not necessarily love changeC)like change more than older ones D)resist changes in the workplace5.The attitude of employees towards change in the workplace has much to do with_____D____A)their shift B)their ageC)the assumptions they make D)the benefits they perceive6.According to the passage, it is much easier for Generation X-and Y -ers than the boomers to__A__.A)get a job and keep it B)cope with career and familyC)get laid off in hard times D)lose their identities7.According to Gary Westerman ,younger generations____B____.A)will refuse to work on weekends even when the job is urgentB)have a different work style form the boomersC)care more about their family than the boomersD)will work form the beach rather than in the office8.When assigned a task, twenty-and thirty-somethings will expect an explanation of the reasons behind the assignment.9.According to Robert Wendover , instead of calling a meeting, generation X-ers prefer to communicate online.10.Whether old or young ,people like to work with capable colleagues.（2）Climate Change and Global WarmingWhat is Global Warming and Climate ChangeGlobal warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be contributing to an increase in average global tem perature .This is caused primarily by increases in ―greenhouse‖ gases such as carbon dioxide(二氧化碳).What is the Greenhouse Effect?The term ―greenhouse effect‖ refers to a natural phenomenon whereby the Earth‘s atmosphere(大气层) acts like the glass of a greenhouse, allowing the heat of the sun to enter. then capturing and keeping it.● Energy from the sun drives the earth‘s weather climate ,and heats the earth‘s surface;● In turn, the earth radiates energy back into space;● Some atmospheric gases (carbon d ioxide ,water vapor ,and other gases) trap some of theoutgoing energy, keeping the heat somewhat like the glass roofs of a greenhouse;● These gases are therefore known as greenhouse gases.The Greenhouse effect is natural.What do we have to do with it?Many of these greenhouse gases are actually life-enabling. For without them, heat would escape back into space and the Earth‘s average temperature would be a lot colder However, if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger , then more heat gets trapped than needed , and the Earth might become less fit for humans , plants and animals to live on.Carbon dioxide , through not the most powerful of greenhouse gases , is the most significant one. Human activity has caused an imbalance in the natural cycle of the greenhouse effect and related processes.In addition to the natural changes of carbon in the Earth system, Human activities , particularly the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, etc) and the clearing of forest, are also releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. When we burn coal and oil for transportation, heating , cooking , electricity , and manufacturing , we are effectively moving carbon more rapidly into the atmosphere than is being removed naturally through the sedimentation(沉淀) of carbon , ultimately causing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations to increase. Also , by clearing forests to support agriculture , we are transferring carbon from trees into the atmosphere . The result is that humans are adding ever-increasing amounts of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere . Because of this , atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are higher today than they have been over the last half-million years of longer.What are the impacts of Global Warming?For decades , greenhouse gases , such as carbon dioxide have been increasing in the atmosphere. But why does that matter? Won‘t warmer weather be nicer for everyone?E xtreme Weather PatternsMost scientists believe that the warming of the climate will lead to more extreme weather patterns such as:● More hurricanes(飓风) and drought(干旱);● Longer spells of dry heat or intense rain (depending on where you are in the world);● Scientists have pointed out that Northern Europe could be severely affected with colderweather if climate change continues, as the Arctic begins to melt and send fresher waters further south. It would effectively cut off the Gulf Stream that brings warmth from the Gulf of Mexico, keeping countries such as Britain warmer than expected;● In South Asia , the Himalayan ice could retreat casing water shortage in the long run.While many environmental groups have been warming about extreme weather conditions for a few years, the World Meteorological Organization announced in July 2003 that ―Recent scientific assessments indicate that , as the global temperatures continue to warm due to climate change , the number and intensity of extreme events might increase.‖The WMO also notes that ―New record extreme events occur every year somewhere in the globe, but in recent years the number of such extremes have been increasing.‖The UK‘s independent newspaper described the WMO‘s announcement as ―exceptional‖ and ―astonishing‖ because it came from a respected United Nations organization. Not an environmental group! Super-stormsAs the Earth further warms up, more hurricanes are to be expected. In August/September 2004 a wave of severe hurricanes left many Caribbean islands and parts of South Eastern UnitedStates devastated. In the Caribbean many lives were lost and there was immense damage to entire cities. In the U.S. many lives were lost as well , some of the most expensive damage resulted from the successive hurricanes.In its wake, scientists have said again that such super-storms may be a sign of things to come.‖Global warming may gener ate more super-storms‖, Inter Press Service (IPS) notes. Worsening EcosystemsWith global warming on the increase and species‘ habitats(栖息地) on the decrease, the chances for various ecosystems to adapt naturally are decreasing.Many studies have pointed out that the rates of extinction of animal and plant species , and the temperature changes around the word since the industrial revolution, have been significantly different to normal expectations.A study of population trends, climate change, increasing pollution and emerging diseases found that 40 percent of deaths in the world are de to environmental factors.Rising Sea LevelsWater expands when heated. And sea levels are expected to rise due to climate change. Rising sea levels will also result as the polar caps begin to melt.Rising sea levels will impact many coastlines , and a large proportion of human population near the coasts or by major rivers.Increase in Pests and DiseaseAn increase in pests and disease is also feared. A report in the journal Science in June 2002 described the alarming increase in the outbreaks of diseases throughout the land- and ocean-based wildlife due to climate changes.One of the authors points out that .‖Climate changes is upsetting natural ecosystems in a way that is making life better for infectious(传染的) diseases.‖Failing Agricultural Output: Increase in Would HungerOne in six countries in the world face food shortages this year because of severe droughts that could become semi-permanent under climate change.‖Drought and desertification(沙漠化)are starting to spread and intensify in some parts of the world already.If some of this does get worse, it is likely that the poorest regions and people are likely to suffer the most. as they would have the least resources at hand to deal with the effects.1.The rise in average global temperature is primarily the result of Aa)Increases in greenhouse gassesb)Human activitiesc)Natural eventsd)Changes in the earth‘s climate2.If the greenhouse effect is allowed to build up CA)The Earth will not be able to capture and keep the heat from the sunlightB)The Earth‘s average temperature will to be a lot colder.C)The Earth may become less inhabitable for humans and other living beingsD)The Earth‘s natural cycle will be significantly ups et3)What contributes most to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? DA) The sedimentation of carbon in the agricultural process.B) The imbalance in the natural cycle of the greenhouse effectC) The natural changes of carbon in the Earth systemD) The burning of fossil fuel and the clearing of forest4. Scientists have pointed out that if climate change continues Northern Europe BA) will become much warmer than expectedB) will become much colder than todayC) will have more hurricanes and droughtsD) will have severe water shortages5. According to the Word Meteorological Organization. as the global temperatures continue to rise in recent years, AA) the number of extreme weather events has been increasingB) the melting of the Himalayan ice will cause floods in South AsiaC) the Gulf Stream will bring warm air from the Gulf of MexicoD) the weather patterns in many regions have completely changed6. In the wake of severe hurricanes in August/September 2004,scientists have said that suchsuper-storms are expected to D .A) hit the Caribbean one after anotherB) be more devastating than ever beforeC) cause expensive damage to entire citiesD) happen more often than before7. A study found that 40 percent of deaths in the world are due to B .A) infectious diseases B)environmental factorsC) increasing pollution D)natural disasters8. Due to climate change, the sea levels are expected to rise .9. According to report in the journal Science, climate change has caused diseasesthroughout the land- and ocean-based wildlife to increase at an alarming rate.10. As a result of drought and desertification, the poorest regions and people are likely tosuffer most because they lack the resources to deal with the effects.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement.For each of them there are four choice marked A),B) ,C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter .Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passageEver since Stephanie‘s 13th birthday we have been receiving comment from other adults expressing their sympathies because our daughter is now a te enager. We‘ve heard everything from, ―Sure she‘s a good kid, but just wait, now that she‘s a teenager‖ to the ever inspiring, ―Well, all kinds are rotten when they are teenagers, just try to go through it the best way you can.‖ What‘s more upsetting is that many of these insensitive adults feel the need to share their negative predictions well within the hearing of both our daughters.I know that teenagers can be moody(闷闷不乐的) and difficult at times, but I‘m 32 and I can also be difficult and moody. We wo rry about the future and want today‘s kids to know that we care for them and that there are opportunities that await them. However, at the very point they set out on that journey toward adulthood we stand there watching them disapprovingly, just waitingfo r them to make a mistake, ―just like we knew they would.‖ We tell them to respect themselves and to say no to drugs, yet we fail to set a positive example by treating them with kindness and consideration, demonstrating our respect for them.I have, at times, been guilty(有过失的) of this behavior but am now realizing that the more I see each person as a person, the more I am pleasantly surprised in some way or another. For example, a few weeks ago my husband and I were having dinner at our favorite restaurant and two teenage boys came in and sat down right beside us. I must admit that my first thought was. ―Perfect, there goes our quiet, peaceful dinner.‖ I was so wrong! These young men were well behaved, quiet, and left a nice tip for the waitress. Once I looked beyond the jeans so loose they were practically falling off and the multi-colored hair, I saw what fine people these kids were.Many of the people who, perhaps unknowingly, treat teens with disrespect are unhappy about the fact that pop singers and sports stars are our children‘s heroes. I feel that unless we give them something better to go after, we really shouldn‘t complain.57. When their children reach their teens, parents usually expect A .A) trouble B) sympathyC) congratulations D) inspiring comments58. In the author‘s opinion, the trouble with parents is C .A) they are too watchful of their teenage childrenB) they are too concerned about their children‘s futureC) they fail to treat teenagers with sufficient kindness and respectD) they speak ill of their children within their hearing59. When two teenagers came into the restaurant and sat beside the author, her first thought was A.A) her quiet dinner with her husband would be ruinedB) something interesting was going to happen over dinnerC) they were wrong to have chosen this restaurant for dinnerD) she and her husband were going to have a pleasant surprise60. What dose the author think of the two teenage boys? C .A) They are typical of today‘s teenagersB) They may become nice people if they are willing to change their lifestyleC) They are fine young men despite their loose jeans and multi-colored hairD) They will respect you if you respect them61. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? C .A) There is nothing wrong with teenagers admiring pop singers and sport starsB) Pop singers and sport stars should not be heroes of our childrenC) If our children admire pop singers and sports stars, it is the parents who are to balanceD) Parents should set a good example for their children to followPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passageIn the Unite States, a person can take credit only for what he has accomplished by himself. Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a rich or privileged family. (In the United States, that would be considered ―an accident of birth.‖) Americans pride themselves in having been born poor and, through their own hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of success to whatever level they have achieved-all by themselves. The American social system has,of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up the social ladder, whereas this is impossi ble to do in many other countries. The ―self-made man or woman‖ is still very much the ideal in present-day America.Americans believe that competition brings out the best in any individual. They claim that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. Consequently, the foreign visitor will see competition being fostered in the American home and in the American classroom, even at the youngest age levels. You may find the value placed on competition disagreeable, especially if you come from a society that promoted cooperation rather than competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in Third World countries find the lack of competitiveness in a classroom situation equally distressing(令人苦恼的). They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human characteristics represented only a peculiarly American (or Western) value.American, valuing competition, have devised an economic system to go with it—free enterprise(自由企业制). Americans feel very strongly that a highly competitive economy will bring out the best in its people and ultimately, that the society which fosters competition will progress most rapidly. If you look for it, you will see evidence in all areas—in all fields as diverse(不同的) as medicine, the arts, education, and sport—that free enterprise is the approach most often preferred in America.62. What does the author mean by saying ―The ‗self-made man or woman‘ is still very much the ideal in present-day America‖? BA) Americans no longer respect those who are born rich as they used toB) Americans still respect those who have climbed up the social ladder through hard workC) Americans think that an ideal man or woman should be born poorD) Americans think that only the self-made man or woman is worthy of respect63. What dose the author think of the American social system? CA) It is a system that dose not favor those who are born richB) It is a system that makes social climbing very difficult, if not impossibleC) It makes it comparatively easy for the poor to move up the social ladderD) It is the best system possible in the world64. Americans teaching in Third World countries found that AA) competition is a unique American (or Western) valueB) competition must be fostered in the classroom for success in businessC) cooperation is more important than competition in bringing about progressD) competition is one of the universal human characteristics65. We can infer from the passage that free enterprise is AA) an economic system allowing free competition among businessB) a belief that competition brings out the best in any individualC) an attitude that values competition rather than cooperationD) a theory that advocates competition as the source of all progress66. Americans would most likely frown at you if you BA) tell them you were born poor and had to work with your handsB) complain that you were born poor and had had no opportunitiesC) go around telling people that your father is a self-made manD) tell them that their social system is not necessarily the bestPassage Three（P247-248）Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.A l0-year-old boy decided to study judo despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a devastating car accident.The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master. The boy did well, so he couldn't understand why, after three months of training, the master had taught him only one move."Master," the boy finally said, "Shouldn't I be learning more moves?""This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you'll ever need to know," the master replied.Not quite understanding, but believing in his teacher, the boy kept training.Several months later, the master took the boy to his first tournament. Surprising himself, the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, his opponent became impatient and charged; the boy skillfully used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success, the boy was now in the finals.This time, his opponent was bigger, stronger, and more experienced. For a while, the boy appeared to be outmatched. Concerned about the boy, the referee called a time-out. He was about to stop the match when the master came forward."No," the master insisted, "Let him continue."Soon after the match resumed, his opponent made a fatal mistake. He dropped his guard. Instantly, the boy used his move to pin him. The boy won the match. He was the champion.On the way home, the boy and his master reviewed every move in each and every match. Then the boy summoned the courage to ask what was really on his mind."Master, how did I win the tournament with only one move?""You won for two reasons," the master answered. "First, you've almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in judo. And second, the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm."57. Judging from the context, what happens when a referee calls a "time-out"( Line 2, Para. 7)? BA) The time for the game has run out.B) The game stops for a short time.C) Either side can claim victory.D) The game ends in a tie.58. Why did the master insist on continuing the match? CA) Because the time-out would give the opponent an advantage.B) Because the boy was confident of winning.C) Because he had confidence in the boy's skill.D) Because all he cared about was winning the final.59. What caused the defeat of the boy's opponent in the final? AA) Over-confidence. B) Impatience.C) Inexperience. D) The time-out.60. Why did the master only teach the boy one move? DA) The boy could not do other moves with only one arm.B) It was the only move the master knew well.C) It was the move his opponents were not good at.D) His opponent would be helpless when he made this move.61. What does the story show? AA) One can turn a weakness into an advantage.B) It is very important to have a good teacher.C) Even disabled person can win in a judo match.D) To master judo one only needs to learn one difficult move.Passage Four（P248-249）Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Cindy Hess began her automotive career as a Design and Development Engineer with Chrysler, in the fall of 1977. Today, she is Vice-President of Daimler Chrysler, and head of the Small Car Platform Engineering Department which is directly responsible for the design and development of the Neon, Doge Viper, and all future small cars."Many different departments are involved in bringing a product to market," said Hess, referring to the 2000 Neon." A company looks into renewing a particular vehicle when its marketplace demand is good, and the profits increase our shareholder's value," explained Hess. "We look to our market research in determining which options we'll keep the same or delete, and which ones we want to add to add to improve our appeal."Now that the Neon 2000 is on the market, her team will use survey and research results to determine which option packages work best for the consumer, and what improvements, if any, need to be made. And the beat goes on.Hess supervises 1200 engineers while managing a successful life as wife and mother. Her secret, she said, is to "always try to give 150 percent in everything I do. The only way I can really balance my work and family is by ‗cheating at both ends.‘ For example," Hess said, "I always take my boys to school on the first day of the year —so I come in a little late. A few times a year I leave work for a couple of hours to see my son in a play or to attend his swim meet."Like most other successful women in the auto industry, Hess's day begins early and ends late. In her case, coaching her son's basketball game ends some of Hess's days. "Occasionally," she adds, "I come in to work on the weekends to catch up on paperwork and mail and have also been known to be called to work while I am on vacation."62. What is Cindy's chief responsibility now? DA) Renewing promising car models.B) Supervising production.C) Doing market research.D) Developing small cars.63. When will a company renew an existing model? AA) When it sells well and brings in a good profit.B) When it needs improvement to meet the needs of users.。