初中中英语单词表分类一、动词（v.）play（.ed）玩；踢[plei]swim(swam)游泳[swim]skate滑冰[skeit]fly(flew)飞[flai]jump跳[dʒʌmp]walk走[wɔ:k]run(run)跑[rʌn]climb爬[klaim]fight(fought)打架[fait]swing(swung)荡 [swiŋ]eat(ate)吃[i:t]sleep(slept)睡觉[sli:p]like像，喜欢[laik]have(had)有；吃 [hæv, 弱həv, əv, v]turn转弯 [tə:n]buy(bought)买[bai]take(took)买；带[teik]live居住 [liv]teach（taught）教[ti:tʃ]go(went)去[ɡəu]study(studied)学习['stʌdi]learn学习 [lə:n]sing(sang)唱歌[siŋ]dance跳舞[dɑ:ns, dæns]row划 [rəu]do(did)做[强du:, 弱du, də, d, du:]do homework做作业['həumwə:k]do housework做家务['hauswə:k] watch TV看电视[wɔtʃ, wɔ:tʃ] read(read) books读书[ri:d] [buks]cook the meals做饭[kuk] [mi:ls] water the flowers浇花['wɔ:tə, 'wɔ-]['flauəz]sweep(swept) the floor扫地[swi:p] [flɔ:]clean the bedroom打扫卧室[kli:n] ['bedru(:)m]make(made) the bed铺床[meik] [bed]set(set) the table摆饭桌[set] ['teibl] wash the clothes洗衣服[wɔʃ, wɔ:ʃ] [kləuðz]do the dishes洗碗碟use a computer使用计算机[ju:z] [kəm'pju:tə]do morning exercises晨练；做广播操['mɔ:niŋ] ['eksəsaiz]eat breakfast吃早饭[i:t] ['brekfəst]eat dinner吃晚饭[i:t] ['dinə]go to school上学[sku:l]have English class上英语课[klɑ:s, klæs]play sports进行体育运动[plei] [spɔ:ts]get（got）up起床ɡet]climb mountains爬山[klaim] ['mauntins]go shopping买东西[ɡəu] ['ʃɔpiŋ]play the piano弹钢琴[plei] [pi'ænəu, pi'ɑ:-]visit grandparents看望（外）祖父母['vizit] ['ɡrænd,pεərənts]go hiking去远足fly kites放风筝[flai] [kaits] make a snowman堆雪人[meik] ['snəumæn]plant trees种树[plɑ:nt, plænt] [tri:s]draw(drew) pictures画画[drɔ:] ['piktʃəz]cook dinner做饭[kuk] ['dinə] read a book看书[ri:d] [buk] answer the phone接电话['ɑ:nsə, 'æn-] [fəun]listen to music听音乐['lisən] [tu]['mju:zik]]clean the room打扫房间[kli:n][ru:m]write(wrote) a letter写信[rait] ['letə]write an e-mail写电子邮件[rait] [æn] [i-meil]drink(drank) water喝水[driŋk]eord完美格式['wɔ:tə]take pictures照相[teik] ['piktʃəz]watch insects观察昆虫[wɔtʃ, wɔ:tʃ] ['insekts]pick up leaves采摘树叶[pik] [ʌp] [li:vz]do an experiment做实验[du:][ æn][ ik'speriment]catch butterflies捉蝴蝶[kætʃ] ['bʌtəflaiz]count insects数昆虫[kaunt] ['insekts]collect insects收集昆虫[kə'lekt] ['insekts]collect leaves收集树叶[kə'lekt] [li:vz]write a report写报告[rait] [ri'pɔ:t]play chess下棋[plei] [tʃes] have a picnic举行野餐[hæv] ['piknik]get to到达[ɡet] [tu:]ride(rode) a bike骑自行车[raid] [baik]play the violin拉小提琴[plei] [,vaiə'lin]make kites制作风筝[meik] [kaits]collect stamps集邮[kə'lekt] [stæmps]meet(met)见面[mi:t]welcome欢迎['welkəm]thank谢谢[θæŋk]love爱[lʌv]work工作[wə:k]drink(drank)喝[driŋk]taste尝[teist]smell闻[smel]feed(fed)喂养[fi:d]shear剪[ʃiə]milk挤奶[milk]look看[luk]guess猜[ɡes]help帮助[help]pass传递[pɑ:s, pæs] show展示[ʃəu]use使用[ju:z]clean打扫[kli:n]open打开['əupən]close关上[kləuz]put放[put]paint绘画[peint]tell(told)告诉[tel]kick踢 [kik]bounce反弹[bauns]ride(rode)骑[raid]stop(stopped)停[stɔp]wait等 [weit]find(found)寻找到[faind]drive(drove)驾驶[draiv]fold折[fəuld]send(sent)寄[send]wash洗[wɔʃ, wɔ:ʃ]shine照耀[ʃain]become变成[bi'kʌm]feel(felt)感觉到['fi:l]think(thought)思考[θiŋk]meet(met)遇见[mi:t]fall(fell)落下[fɔ:l]leave(left)离开[li:v]wake(woke) up醒来[weik] [ʌp]put on穿上[put] [ɔn]take off脱掉[teik] [ɔ:f, ɔf] hang up挂起['hæŋ] [ʌp]wear(wore)穿['wεə]go home回家[ɡəu] [həum]go to bed上床睡觉[bed]play computer games玩电脑游戏[plei] [kəm'pju:tə] ['ɡeimz] play chess下棋[plei] [tʃes] empty the trash倒垃圾['empti] [træʃ]put away the clothes收拾衣服 [put] [ə'wei] [kləuðz]get off下车[ɡet] [ɔ:f, ɔf] take a trip去旅行[teik] [trip] read a magazine阅读杂志[ri:d] [,mæɡə'zi:n]go to the cinema去看电影[ɡəu][tu]['sinəmə]go straight向前直走[ɡəu]eord完美格式eord 完美格式二、 学习用品 (school[sku:l] things)Pen 钢笔[pen]Pencil 铅笔['pens əl] pencil-case 铅笔盒['pens əl-keis] ruler 尺子['ru:l ə] book 书[buk] bag 包[b æɡ]comic book 漫画书['k ɔmik-buk] post card 明信片[p əust-k ɑ:d] newspaper 报纸['nju:s,peip ə, 'nju:z-]schoolbag 书包['sku:lb æɡ] eraser 橡皮 [i'reiz ə] crayon 蜡笔['krei ən] sharpener 卷笔刀story-book 故事书['st ɔ:ri-buk] notebook 笔记本['n əutbuk] Chinese book 语文书 English book 英语书math book 数学书[m æθ-buk] magazine 杂志[,m æɡə'zi:n] dictionary 词典['dik ʃən əri]三、 人体 （body ）['b ɔdi] foot 脚[fut] head 头[hed] face 脸[feis] hair 头发[hεə] nose 鼻子[n əuz] mouth 嘴[mauθ] eye 眼睛[ai] ear 耳朵[i ə] arm 手臂[ɑ:m] hand 手[h ænd]finger 手指['fi ŋɡə] leg 腿[le ɡ]tail 尾巴[teil]四、 动物 （animals ）animal ['ænim əl] cat 猫[k æt]dog 狗[d ɔɡ, d ɔ:ɡ] pig 猪[pi ɡ] duck 鸭[d ʌk]rabbit 兔['r æbit] horse 马[h ɔ:s]elephant 大象['elif ənt] ant 蚂蚁[ænt] fish 鱼[fi ʃ] bird 鸟[b ə:d] eagle 鹰['i:ɡl]beaver 海狸['bi:v ə] snake 蛇[sneik]mouse 老鼠[maus, mauz] squirrel 松鼠['skw ə:r əl, 'skwi-, 'skw ʌ-]kangaroo 袋鼠[,k æn ɡə'ru:] monkey 猴['m ʌŋki] panda 熊猫['p ænd ə] bear 熊[bεə] lion 狮子['lai ən] tiger 老虎['tai ɡə] fox 狐狸[f ɔks]zebra 斑马['zi:br ə] deer 鹿[di ə]giraffe 长颈鹿[d ʒi'r ɑ:f] goose 鹅[ɡu:s] hen 母鸡[hen]turkey 火鸡['t ə:ki] lamb 小羊[l æm] sheep 绵羊[ʃip] goat 山羊[ɡəut] cow 奶牛[kau]donkey 驴['d ɔŋki] squid 鱿鱼[skwid]lobster 龙虾['l ɔbst ə] shark 鲨鱼[ʃɑ:k] seal 海豹[si:l] sperm whale 抹香鲸[spə:m-hweil]killer whale虎鲸['kilə- hweil]五、人物（people）['pi:pl] friend朋友[frend]boy男孩[bɔi]girl女孩[ɡə:l]mother母亲['mʌðə]father父亲['fɑ:ðə]sister姐妹['sistə]brother兄弟['brʌðə]uncle叔叔；舅舅['ʌŋkl]man男人[mæn]woman女人['wumən]Miss小姐[mis] Mr.先生lady女士；小姐['leidi]mom妈妈[mɔm]dada爸爸[dæd, 'dɑ:dɑ:]parents父母parent ['pεərənt]grandparents祖父母['ɡrænd,pεərənt]grandma/grandmother（外）祖母['ɡrænd,mʌðə]aunt姑姑[ɑ:nt, ænt]cousin堂（表）兄弟；堂（表）姐妹['kʌzən]son儿子[sʌn]daughter女儿['dɔ:tə]baby婴儿['beibi]kid小孩[kid]classmate同学['klɑ:smeit]queen女王[kwi:n]visitor参观者['vizitə] neighbour邻居['neibə]principal校长['prinsəpəl] university student大学生[,ju:ni'və:səti-'stju:dənt] pen pal笔友[pen-pæl]tourist旅行者['tuərist]people人物['pi:pl]robot机器人['rəubɔt, -bət, 'rɔbət]grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父['ɡrændpɑ:] / ['ɡrænd,fɑ:ðə]六、职业（jobs）[dʒɔbs] teacher教师['ti:tʃə]student学生['stju:dənt, 'stu:-]doctor医生[dɔktə]nurse护士[nə:s]driver司机[nə:s]farmer农民['fɑ:mə]singer歌唱家['siŋə]writer作家['raitə]actor男演员['æktə]actress女演员['æktris]artist画家['ɑ:tist]TV reporter电视台记者[ri'pɔ:tə]engineer工程师[,endʒi'niə] accountant会计[ə'kauntənt] policeman(男)警察[pə'li:smən] ssalesperson销售员['seilz,pə:sən]cleaner清洁工['kli:nə]baseball player棒球运动员['beisbɔ:l- 'pleiə]assistant售货员[ə'sistənt] police警察[pə'li:s]七、食品、饮料（food & drink）rice米饭[rais]bread面包[bred]beef牛肉[bi:f]milk牛奶[milk]water水['wɔ:tə, 'wɔ-]egg蛋[eɡ]fish鱼[fiʃ]tofu豆腐['təufu:]cake蛋糕[keik]hot dog热狗[hɔt-[dɔɡ] hamburger汉堡包['hæmbə:ɡə] French fries炸薯条[fraids] cookie曲奇['kuki]eord完美格式biscuit饼干['biskit]jam果酱[dʒæm]noodles面条['nu:dl]meat肉[mi:t]chicken鸡肉['tʃikin]pork猪肉 [pɔ:k]mutton羊肉['mʌtən]vegetable蔬菜['vedʒitəbl] salad沙拉['sæləd]soup汤[su:p]ice冰[ais]ice-cream冰淇淋['aiskri:m]Coke可乐juice果汁[dʒu:s]tea茶 [ti:]coffee咖啡['kɔfi]breakfast早餐['brekfəst]lunch午餐[lʌntʃ]dinner/supper晚餐['dinə] / ['sʌpə]meal一餐 [mi:l]八、水果、蔬菜(fruit/ vegetables)[fru:t] ['vedʒitəbl]apple苹果['æpl]banana香蕉[bə'nɑ:nə, -'næ-] pear梨[pεə]orange橙['ɔrindʒ, 'ɔ:-] watermelon西瓜['wɔ:tə-'melən]grape葡萄[ɡreip]eggplant茄子['eɡplɑ:nt,-plænt]green beans青豆[ɡri:n- bi:n] tomato西红柿[tə'mɑ:təu] potato土豆[pə'teitəu]peach桃[pi:tʃ]strawberry草莓['strɔ:bəri] cucumber黄瓜['kju:kʌmbə]onion洋葱['ʌnjən]carrot胡萝卜['kærət]cabbage卷心菜['kæbidʒ] 九、衣服（clothes）[kləuðs] jacket夹克衫['dʒækit]shirt衬衫[ʃə:t]T-shirt丅恤衫skirt短裙子[skə:t]dress连衣裙[dres]jeans牛仔裤[dʒi:n, dʒein] pants长裤[pænts]socks袜子[sɔk]sshoes鞋子[ʃu:]ssweater毛衣['swetə]coat上衣[kəut]raincoat雨衣['reinkəut]shorts短裤 [ʃɔ:t]ssneakers网球鞋['sni:kə] s slippers拖鞋['slipə]ssandals凉鞋['sædəl]sboots靴子[bu:ts]hat(有沿的)帽子[hæt]cap便帽[kæp]sunglasses太阳镜['sʌn,ɡlɑ:siz, -,ɡlæ-]tie领带[tai]scarf围巾[skɑ:f]gloves手套[ɡlʌv]strousers裤子['trauzəz]cloth布[klɔθ, klɔ:θ]十、交通工具(vehicles) ['vi:ikl]bike自行车[baik]bus公共汽车[bʌs]train火车[trein]boat小船[bəut]ship轮船[ʃip]yacht快艇[jɔt]car小汽车[kɑ:]taxi出租车['tæksi]jeep吉普车[dʒi:p]van小货车；面包车[væn]plane/airplane飞机[plein] / ['εəplein]subway/underground地铁['sʌbwei]eord完美格式/ ['ʌndəɡraund]motor cycle摩托车['məutə- 'saikl]十一、杂物（other things）['ʌðə] [θiŋ]swindow窗户['windəu]door门[dɔ:]desk课桌[desk]chair椅子[tʃεə]bed床[bed]computer计算机[kəm'pju:tə] board写字板[bɔ:d]fan风扇[fæn]light灯['lait]teacher's desk讲台['ti:tʃə] [desk]picture图画；照片['piktʃə]wall墙壁[wɔ:l]floor地板[flɔ:]curtain窗帘['kə:tən]trash bin垃圾箱[træʃ] [bin] closet壁橱['klɔzit]mirror镜子['mirə]end table床头柜[end-'teibl] football/soccer足球['fut,bɔ:l] ['sɔkə]present礼物['prezənt, pri'zent]walkman随身听[wɔ:k-mæn]lamp台灯[læmp]phone电话[fəun]sofa沙发['səufə]shelf书架[ʃelf]fridge冰箱[fridʒ]table桌子['teibl]TV电视air-conditioner空调[εə] [kən'diʃənə]key钥匙ki:]lock锁 [lɔk]photo照片['fəutəu]chart图表[tʃɑ:t]plate盘子[pleit] knife刀[naif]fork叉[fɔ:k]spoon勺子[spu:n]chopsticks筷子pot锅[pɔt]gift礼物[ɡift]toy玩具[tɔi]doll洋娃娃[dɔl]ball球[bɔ:l]balloon气球[bə'lu:n]kite风筝[kait]jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏 ['dʒiɡsɔ:] ['pʌzl]box盒子[bɔks]umbrella伞 [ʌm'brelə]zipper拉链['zipə]violin小提琴[,vaiə'lin]yo-yo溜溜球nest鸟窝[nest]hole洞[həul]tube管子[tju:b, tu:b]toothbrush牙刷['tu:θbrʌʃ] menu菜单['menju:, mə'nju:]e-card电子卡片[kɑ:d]e-mail电子邮件[meil]traffic light交通灯['træfik] ['lait]money钱['mʌni]medicine药['medisin]十二、地点（locations）[ləu'keiʃən] shome家[həum]room房间[ru:m, rum]bedroom卧室['bedru(:)m]bathroom卫生间['bɑ:θrum]living room起居室['liviŋ] [ru:m, rum]kitchen厨房['kitʃin]classroom教室['klɑ:srum]school学校[sku:l]park公园[pɑ:k]library图书馆['laibrəri]post office邮局[pəust] ['ɔfis]eord完美格式police office警察局[pə'li:s] ['ɔfis]hospital医院 ['hɔspitəl] cinema电影院['sinəmə] bookstore书店['bukstɔ:]farm农场[fɑ:m]zoo动物园[zu:]garden花园['ɡɑ:dn]study书房['stʌdi]playground操场['pleiɡraund] canteen食堂[kæn'ti:n]teacher's office教师办公室['ti:tʃə]s['ɔfis]library图书馆['laibrəri]gym体育馆[dʒim]washroom卫生间['wɔʃrum]art room绘画教室[ɑ:t] [ru:m, rum]computer room计算机教室[kəm'pju:tə] [ru:m]music room音乐教室['mju:zik] [ru:m, rum]TV room电视机房[ru:m]flat公寓[flæt]company公司['kɔmpəni]factory工厂['fæktəri]fruit stand水果摊[fru:t] [stænd]pet shop宠物商店[pet] [ʃɔp] nature park自然公园 ['neitʃə] [pɑ:k]theme park主题公园[θi:m] [pɑ:k]science museum科学博物馆['saiəns] [mju:'ziəm]the Great Wall长城[ɡreit] [wɔ:l]supermarket超市['sju:pə,mɑ:kit]bank银行[bæŋk]country国家['kʌntri]village乡村['vilidʒ]city城市['siti]hometown家乡['həum'taun]bus stop公交车站[bʌs] [stɔp] 十三、课程（classes）[klɑ:s, klæs]sports体育运动[spɔ:ts]science科学['saiəns]Moral Education思想品德课['mɔrəl-,edju:'keiʃən]Social Studies社会课['səuʃəl]Chinese语文math数学[mæθ]PE体育课English英语课十四、国家、城市（countries/cities）['kʌntriz] /['siti]China/PRC中国People's Republic of China）['pi:pls] [ri'pʌblik] [ɔv] America/USA美国UK联合王国（United Kingdom）England英国Canada/CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚New York纽约London伦敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo开罗十五、气象（weather）['weðə] cold寒冷的[kəuld]warm温暖的[wɔ:m]cool凉爽的[ku:l]snowy下雪的['snəui]sunny晴朗的['sʌni]hot炎热的[hɔt]rainy下雨的['reini]windy有风的['windi]cloudy多云的['klaudi]weather report天气预报['weðə]eord完美格式[ri'pɔ:t]十六、景物（nature）['neitʃə] river河流['rivə]lake湖泊[leik]stream河；溪[stri:m]forest森林['fɔrist]path小道[pɑ:θ, pæθ]road公路[rəud]house房子[haus, hauz]bridge桥[bridʒ]building建筑物['bildiŋ]rain雨[rein]cloud云[klaud]sun太阳[sʌn]mountain山['mauntin]sky天空[skai]rainbow彩虹['reinbəu]wind风[wind]air空气[εə]moon月亮[mu:n]十七、植物（plants）[plɑ:nt, plænt] sflower花['flauə]grass草[ɡrɑ:s, ɡræs]tree树[tri:]seed种子[si:d]sprout苗[spraut]plant植物[plɑ:nt, plænt]rose玫瑰leaf叶子[li:f]十八、星期（week）[wi:k] Monday星期一Tuesday星期二Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四Friday星期五Saturday星期六Sunday星期天weekend周末[,wi:k'end, 'wi:kend]十九、月份（months）[mʌnθ]z Jan. (January)一月Feb.（February）二月Mar.(March)三月[mɑ:tʃ]April四月May五月[mei]June六月July七月Aug.(August)八月[ɔ:'ɡʌst] Sept.(September)九月Oct.(October)十月Nov.(November)十一月Dec.(December)十二月二十、季节（seasons）['si:zən]s spring春[spriŋ]summer夏['sʌmə]fall/autumn秋[fɔ:l]/ ['ɔ:təm]winter冬['wintə]二十一、方位（directions）[di'rekʃən]ssouth南[sauθ, sauð]north北[nɔ:θ]east东[i:st]west西[west]left 左边[left]right右边[rait]up上[ʌp]down下 [daun]二十二、患病（illness）['ilnis] have a fever发烧['fi:və]hurt疼痛[hə:t]have a cold感冒[kəuld]have a toothache牙疼eord完美格式have a headache头疼['hedeik] have a sore throat喉咙疼[sɔ:] [θrəut]二十三、数词（numbers）['nʌmbəz]one一 [wʌn]two二[tu:]three三[θri:]four四[fɔ:]five五[faiv]six六[siks]seven七['sevən]eight八[eit]nine九[nain]ten十[ten]eleven十一[i'levən]twelve十二[twelv]thirteen十三['θə:'ti:n] fourteen十四['fɔ:'ti:n]fifteen十五['fifti:n]sixteen十六['siks'ti:n] seventeen十七[,sevən'ti:n] eighteen十八['ei'ti:n]nineteen十九[,nain'ti:n]twenty二十['twenti]thirty三十['θə:ti]forty四十['fɔ:ti]fifty五十['fifti]sixty六十['siksti]seventy七十['sevənti]eighty八十['eiti]ninety九十['nainti]forty-two四十二['fɔ:ti- tu:] hundred百['hʌndrəd]one/a hundred and thirty-six一百三十六first第一[fə:st]second第二['sekənd]third第三[θə:d]fourth第四[fɔ:θ]fifth第五[fifθ]eighth第八[eitθ, eiθ]ninth第九[nainθ]twelfth第十二[twelfθ]twentieth第二十['twe ntiiθ] thirtieth第三十fortieth第四十fiftieth第五十['fiftiiθ]sixtieth第六十['sikstiθ] seventieth第七十eightieth第八十ninetieth第九十fifty-sixth第五十六二十四、形容词 (adj.)big大的[biɡ]small小的[smɔ:l]long长的[lɔŋ, lɔ:ŋ]tall高的[tɔ:l]short短的；矮的[ʃɔ:t]young年轻的[jʌŋ]old旧的；老的[əuld]strong健壮的[strɔŋ, strɔ:ŋ] thin瘦的[θin]active积极活跃的['æktiv]quiet安静的['kwaiət]nice好看的[nais]kind和蔼亲切的[kaind]strict严格的[strikt]smart聪明的[smɑ:t]funny滑稽可笑的['fʌni]tasty好吃的['teisti]sweet甜的[swi:t]salty咸的['sɔ:lti]sour酸的['sauə]fresh新鲜的[freʃ]favourite最喜爱的['feivərit] clean干净的[kli:n]tired疲劳的 ['taiə]dexcited兴奋的[ik'saitid]angry生气的['æŋɡri]happy高兴的['hæpi]bored无聊的sad忧愁的[sæd]taller更高的[tɔ:l] əshorter更矮的[ʃɔ:t] əstronger更强壮的[strɔŋ,eord完美格式strɔ:ŋə]older年龄更大的['əuldə] younger更年轻的['jʌŋə, 'jʌŋɡə]bigger更大的[biɡə]heavier更重的['lɔŋɡə, 'lɔ:ŋ-]longer更长的['lɔŋɡə, 'lɔ:ŋ-]thinner更瘦的smaller更小的[smɔ:lə]good好的[ɡud]fine好的[fain]great很好的[ɡreit]heavy 重的['hevi]new新的[nju:, nu:]fat胖的[fæt]happy快乐的['hæpi]right对的[rait]hungry饥饿的['hʌŋɡri]cute逗人喜爱的[kju:t]little小的['litl]lovely可爱的['lʌvli]beautiful漂亮的['bju:tiful] colourful色彩鲜艳的['kʌləful]pretty漂亮的['priti]cheap便宜的[tʃi:p]expensive昂贵的[ik'spensiv]juicy多汁的['dʒu:si]tender嫩的['tendə]healthy健康的['helθi]ill有病的[il]helpful有帮助的['helpful]high高的[hai]easy简单的['i:zi]proud骄傲的[praud]sick有病的[sik]better更好的[betə]higher更高的[haiə]二十五、介词（prep.）in在……里[in]on在……上；在……时候 [ɔn, ɔ:n, ən, n]under在……下面['ʌndə]near在……的旁边[niə]behind在……后边[bi'haind]next to与……相邻[nekst]over在……上面['əuvə]in front of在……前面[frʌnt]二十六、代词（pron.）I我we我们[wi:弱 wi]you你；你们[ju:, 弱ju, jə]he他[hi:, 弱 hi, i:, i]she她[ʃi:]it它[it]they他（她，它）们[ðei, 弱ðe] my我的our 我们的['auə, ɑ:]your你的；你们的[jɔ:, jəu, 弱jə]his他的[hiz, 弱iz]her她的[hə:, 弱ə:, hə, ə]eord完美格式。