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高中非谓语动词教案

个性化辅导教案教师:郑荣南学生:科目:英语时间: 2014 年 2 月日段一、授课目的与考点分析:非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词等三种形式,这是历年高考必考内容,每年都会有1-2题涉及该部分要点。

考点集中在:非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。

授课内容:动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“to十动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语.1.不定式的用法:l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如:To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。

往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it 作形式宾语.例如:He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study work with him.3)作宾语补足语.例如:He asked me to do the work with him.注意:在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice, observe,see,watch,have, let,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to.例如I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.注意:不定式动词在介词but,except,besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如:She could do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go.4)作定语.例如:I have some books for you to read.注:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如:He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如:He had no money and no place to live.5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如:I came here to see you.(目的)We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果)To look at him, you would like him.(条件)目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示.如:In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.We ran all the way so as not to be late.不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.例如:I am very glad to hear it.The question is difficult to answer.“too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如:He is too old to do that.另外句子中有enough这个词时,常用不定式作状语.例如:The room is big enough to hold us.6)作表语.例如:My job is to help the patient.7)作独立成分.例如:To tell the truth,I don’t agree with you.8)不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如:He didn’t know what to say.(宾语)How to solve the problem is very important.(主语)My question is when to start. (表语)注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如: Why not have a rest?(二)动名词1.动名词由动词+ ing构成;具有动词和名词的性质;在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.1)作主语.例如:Seeing is believing.Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full- time job.It is no use arguing with him.注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作.例如:Playing with fire is dangerous.(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作)但在It is no use/good,not any use/good,useless等后必需用动名词。

2)作表语.例如:Her job is teaching.3)作宾语.例如:He is fond of playing football.I like swimming.注意:①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider, delay, dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,face,feel. like,finish,forgive,give up, imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist, risk,suggest,can’t help,can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式.②forget,go on,like,mean,regret,remember,stop,tr y等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。

③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时,要用动名词形式,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时,其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。

④动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式.这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.例如:The window needs( requires,wants) cleaning( to be cleaned)⑤在短语devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be( kept) busy,be worth,have difficulty/trouble/problem (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),there’s no use/good/need,feel/look/seem/like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式.例如:I look forward to hearing from you soon.4)作定语.例如:He has a reading room.2.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成.在句子开头必须用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词.例如:His coming made me very happy.Mary’s crying annoyed him.(三)分词1.分词的时态和语态l)分词分为现在分词和过去分词。

现在分词有一般式和完成式.一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having十过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作.例如:Being a student,he was interested in books.Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.2.分词的用法l)作定语分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词做定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前.例如:The man standing by the window is our teacher.The excited people rushed into the building.注意:现在分词作定语时,它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,如果两个动作有先有后,一般不能用现在分词作定语,而要用定语从句。

例如:The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.注意:在see,hear,watch,feel,observe,have,listen to,notice等动词后,既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语,也可以用不定式构成复合宾语,但两者的含义是有差别的,用现在分词,表示动作正在发生,(即处于发生的过程中,还没有结束),用不定式表示动作发生了,(即动作全过程结束了)。

例如:I saw the girl getting on the tractor.I saw the girl get on the tractor and drive off.He had his clothes washed. (他叫别人洗了衣服)We had the fire burning all day.(我们使火燃烧了一整天)。

注意:“have十宾语十现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事;“have十宾语十过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关.三、本次课后作业:四、学生对于本次课的评价:□特别满意□满意□一般□差五、教师评定:1、学生上次作业评价:□特别满意□满意□一般□差2、学生本次上课情况评价:□特别满意□满意□一般□差学生签字:_____教师签字:_____主任签字:_____。

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