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英文科技论文写作HOW_to_WRITE_Discussion
Our finding/result is associated with/similar to, different from …(others’ …)
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Alternative Explanations of the Findings
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Remember that the purpose of research is to discover and not to prove. Don’t fall into the trap – to prove
Relate to expectations and to literature Prove the hypotheses/Answered questions
The importance/significance of Your findings
Limitations Your conclusions/future works
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Discussion
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The same information can have different meanings or significances to different people brainstorming
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Diesults fit into a broader context?
What do the findings mean? Why are they important?
“That make perfect sense!” (Why didn’t I think of this?)
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Always remember:
Introduction
Suggest the theoretical implications of your results.
Suggest practical applications of your results Extend your findings to other situations or other
Begin:
Our results confirm that … Our findings suggest that … The data show that … In this study, we found that ...
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Explain the meaning and importance of the findings
species Give the big picture: do your findings help us
understand a broader topic?
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Discussion: summary
Free to explain what the results mean or why they differ from what other workers have found.
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Make explanations complete
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Discuss the results in the same order as in the “Results” one by one
Explain how your results relate to expectations and to literature cited in your Introduction
Previous findings:
Stimulated yours to Fill a gap, Correct their errors, invent a new method, …
Support yours – strength the importance of your studies
Broad Specific
Discussion
Specific
Broad
Moves from the narrow specific focus of the research to a more general view
Your goals/objectives
Your findings
Make recommendations, discuss future work
Our subject that remain to be explored is how to … More studies in … are needed …
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Take-Home Message: Conclusions
1 Discussion
The heart of the paper
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It may seem obvious that a scientific document is incomplete without the interpretation of the writer; it may not be so obvious that the document cannot "exist" without the interpretation of each reader.
conclusion
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State the major findings
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In the first paragraph:
Begin (with a statement of the major findings A direct, declarative, succinct proclamation Should not include any data
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What is the “take-home message”? What do you want the reader to remember
from your study?
The take-home message should be the first sentence of the conclusions section.
You only answered some questions, others related to this subject may remain ‘unanswered’
You should make suggestions for further studies and give a future perspective
Give evidence for each conclusion. Discuss possible reasons for expected and unexpected
findings Whether the experiments prove the hypotheses with
Should interpret your results in light of other published results, by adding additional information from sources you cited in the Introduction section as well as by introducing new sources.
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No one has thought as long and as hard about your study as you have.
As the person who conceived, designed, and conducted the study, the meaning of the results and their importance seem obvious to you, but the findings might not be so clear for the readers who read your paper for the first time.
the highlight should be on the study data.
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Discussion: The Elements
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1. State the study’s major findings 2. Explain the meaning and importance of the
journals have limitations!
Should know the limitations in your studies that might cause problems and possible explanation
Do not hide weak results behind bad writing Be sure to explain why results are weaker than you
expected
We used only …. Future research should include/ do … (differently,
use different …, use more …)
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Suggestions for Further Research
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evidence (results). Do they agree, contradict, or are they exceptions to the
rule?
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Relate the findings to similar studies
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Is your study so novel? (no relation to other studies?)No!Then, relate your findings to others.