箱体底部框架结构强度计算内容：一、强度计算说明二、有限元模型的建立三、添加材料力学参数四、有限元模型网格划分五、边界条件与载荷设置六、求解结果与分析七、结论2017年3月21日张胜伦一、强度计算说明该包装箱用于某天线的运输包装，以确保天线在存放、运转时的稳定、干燥，使后续的试验能正常顺利地进行，并保证试验过程中产品质量与安全。
其主要安装方式为将天线吊装固定于转接板组件上，再将转接板组件固定于包装箱内的运输支撑板上，之后将箱盖吊装于包装箱底框架上，对正箱底对应安装槽，使用锁扣固定箱盖与底框架，完成天线的包装。
本次分析主要针对包装箱的转接板和底部焊接框架，分析其变形量和强度、刚度是否满足产品使用要求。
下图为为箱体底部框架的结构示意图。
图1 包装箱结构示意图对箱体底部框架的线性静力学强度计算，其过程如下：1、建立箱体底部框架的结构模型与静力学计算模型；2、设置箱体底部框架的材料力学性能参数；3、进行结构化网格划分；4、编辑合理的边界条件和荷条件；5、运用线性静态结构求解器进行求解；6、在后处理模块中加载模型的变形、等效应力情况；7、根据计算结果，得出结论。
经过长时间的求解计算，最终得出箱体底部框架的线性静力学强度计算结果。
二、有限元模型的建立本研究中，由于箱体底部框架的一些零件形状结构比较复杂，所以本研究中在不影响整体就够强度的前提条件下对复杂零件进行简化。
忽略对箱体底部框架强度影响较小的零部件如螺栓、螺母、扣减以及包装箱内的物品。
如图2，为箱体底部框架的详细设计结构模型。
图2 箱体底部框架详细设计模型箱体底部框架的各个零部件均是由焊接、铆钉连接或者螺栓连接，所以零件上存在大量的焊缝、铆钉孔或者螺栓孔，这些焊缝间隙和孔的尺寸相对于箱体底部框架的整体结构而言很小。
而大量的间隙和小孔的存在会在很大程度上影响箱体底部框架整体结构的网格划分，且导致求解不收敛，所以在力学模型中大量的焊缝、铆钉孔和螺栓孔被忽略。
箱体底部框架整体结构的线性静力学计算中，假设各个连接部位是安全可靠的，连接和焊接牢固且强度远大于零部件材料的屈服强度。
而连接部位是否可靠应在连接强度相对薄弱的部位单独进行强度计算。
另外，本研究中仅对箱体底部框架自身的重力进行计算。
最终建立简化的力学计算模型，如图2所示。
图3 箱体底部框架简化结构模型三、添加材料力学参数箱体底部框架结构的材料主要为铝合金，所以为简化计算模型，本研究中将其他附件材料忽略，整体箱体底部框架简化结构模型的材料为均质的铝合金材料。
起吊吊钩结构为钢材，所以添加结构钢材料。
在ANSYS Workbench 中Engineering Data模块的材料库中添加铝合金（Aluminum Alloy）材料和结构钢（Structural Steel）材料，并在Static Structural-Mechanical模块中为每个箱体底部框架零件模型赋予相应的材料。
如下图为材料参数。
图4 材料参数四、有限元模型网格划分将以上箱体底部框架简化模型导入ANSYS Workbench中的Design Molder模块中建立有限元模型，如下图所示。
图5箱体底部框架的有限元计算模型箱体底部框架简化模型在结构上均为长方体的拓扑结构，其结构特点比较突出。
模型中三维曲线和复杂曲面等异形结构和复杂外形很少，结构化网格生成比较容易。
所以本次强度计算中，网格划分方法为结构化网格主导，即以六面体网格单元类型为主导，局部复杂区域采用非结构化网格填补。
结构化网格从严格意义上讲，结构化网格是指网格区域内所有的内部点都具有相同的毗邻单元。
结构化网格生成技术有大量的文献资料。
结构化网格有很多优点:1.它可以很容易地实现区域的边界拟合，适于流体和表面应力集中等方面的计算。
2.网格生成的速度快。
3.网格生成的质量好4.数据结构简单5.对曲面或空间的拟合大多数采用参数化或样条插值的方法得到，区域光滑，与实际的模型更容易接近。
结构化网格的生成技术只要有：代数网格生成方法。
主要应用参数化和插值的方法，对处理简单的求解区域十分有效。
PDE网格生成方法。
主要用于空间曲面网格的生成。
本研究中控制箱体底部框架简化结构所有模型的网格大小不超过30mm，吊钩部分控制器网格大小不超过6mm。
如下图为箱体底部框架简化结构模型的网格划分结果，其中网格的节点数为129567,单元数为24860。
图6 箱体底部框架的网格划分结果五、边界条件与载荷设置在箱体底部框架的简化力学模型导入ANSYS Workbench中的Design Molder 模块后，检查各个零部件是否缺失，各个几何特征是否齐全。
设置箱体底部框架与产品运输运输板安装的位置载荷为35000N，箱体底部框架与侧壁板连接处设置载荷为1500N，模型整体施加重力惯性载荷，箱体底部框架与支承零部件连接的部位固定。
如下图为箱体底部框架的边界条件与载荷施加的图。
图7 箱体底部框架的边界条件与载荷设置六、求解结果与分析对箱体底部框架的简化模型进行以上材料添加、网格划分、边界条件和载荷施加均设置完毕之后，用求解器进行求解。
经过长达4个小时的迭代求解计算，最终求解结果收敛。
在ANSYS Workbench的后处理模块中添加其整体变形云图和等效应力云图。
最终计算结果为：箱体底部框架的变形为框架的弯曲变形，最大变形位移为0.11128 mm，最大等效应力为4.4464 MPa。
图8 箱体底部框架整体变形云图图9 箱体底部框架等效应力云图七、结论在箱体底部框架整体结构的线性静力学计算中，假设各个焊接部位、连接部位是安全可靠的前提下，对箱体底部框架简化模型的线性静力学强度计算。
1、得出以下结论：箱体底部框架的整体结构的弯曲变形量为0.11128 mm。
箱体底部框架的变形量很小。
2、箱体底部框架在以上等效载荷和边界条件的工况下最大等效应力为4.4464 MPa。
不会达到材料的强度极限。
所以结构强度符合要求。
说明：由于本人水平有限，本次报告中若有谬误与纰漏，烦请各位经验丰富的工程设计人员批评指正。
ProjectFirst Saved Monday, March 20, 2017Last Saved Monday, March 20, 2017Product Version 17.0 Release Save Project Before Solution NoSave Project After Solution NoContents∙Units∙Model (C4)o Geometry▪Partso Coordinate Systemso Connections▪Contacts▪Contact Regionso Mesh▪Mesh Controlso Static Structural (C5)▪Analysis Settings▪Standard Earth Gravity▪Loads▪Solution (C6)▪Solution Information▪Results∙Material Datao Aluminum Alloyo Structural SteelUnitsTABLE 1Unit System Metric (mm, kg, N, s, mV, mA) Degrees rad/sCelsiusAngle DegreesRotationalrad/sVelocityTemperature CelsiusModel (C4)GeometryTABLE 2Model (C4) > GeometryObject Name GeometryState Fully DefinedDefinitionE:\Jia Ye\XX-2B包装箱数模\--包装箱底框Source架.stpType StepLength Unit MetersElement Control Program ControlledDisplay Style Body ColorBounding BoxLength X 1855. mmLength Y 1995. mmLength Z 142. mmPropertiesVolume 3.869e+007 mm³Mass 110.04 kgScale Factor Value 1.StatisticsBodies 72Active Bodies 72Nodes 129567Elements 24860Mesh Metric 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mm 34. mmPropertiesVolume 5.29e+005 mm³35979 mm³15639 mm³Mass 1.4653 kg 0.28243 kg 0.12277 kgCentroidX 1320.mm10.04mm1320.mm68.04 mm 1262. mm 68.038 mm1262. mmCentroidY -936.99mm373.01mm-1214.5mm650.51mm-1214.5mm650.51mm606.81 mmCentroidZ -106. mm -163. mm-130.99mm-194.99mm-130.99mmMomentof InertiaIp16471.9 kg·mm²231.56 kg·mm²44.639 kg·mm²Momentof Inertia6471.9 kg·mm²270.58 kg·mm²17.162 kg·mm²Ip2Momentof InertiaIp312919 kg·mm²43.729 kg·mm²44.636 kg·mm²StatisticsNodes 531 1491 1835 Elements 64 224 896 MeshMetricNoneTABLE 4Model (C4) > Geometry > PartsObject Name tao tao tao tao tao1-31.11-31.11-31.11-31.1lvtiao1-31lvtiao1-31State MeshedGraphics Properties Visible YesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffnessBehaviorFlexibleCoordinateSystemDefault Coordinate SystemReferenceTemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssign ment Structural SteelAluminumAlloyNonlinearEffectsYesThermalStrainEffectsYesBounding BoxLengthX34. mm 16. mm 1845. mm LengthY56. mm 166. mm 20. mm LengthZ34. mm 80. 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YesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffnessBehaviorFlexibleCoordinateSystemDefault Coordinate SystemReferenceTemperatureBy EnvironmentBehaviorNoneMaterialAssignmentAluminum Alloy NonlinearEffectsYesalStrainEffectsYesBounding Box LengthX90. mm LengthY90. mm LengthZ18. mm 12. mmPropertiesVolume 1.458e+005mm³97200 mm³Mass 0.40387 kg 0.26924 kgCentroid X 1497.5 mm-59.96mm80.04mm-59.96mm80.04mm1250.mmCentroid Y 550.51 mm-1114.5mm443.01mm303.01mm443.01mm303.01mm-866.99mm-1007.mm-866.99mm-1007.mm443.01mmCentroid Z-122. mm -119. mm Moment of InertiaIp1 283.51kg·mm²184.97 kg·mm²Moment of 283.51kg·mm²184.97 kg·mm²Ip2 Moment of InertiaIp3 545.22kg·mm²363.48 kg·mm²StatisticsNodes 96Elements9MeshMetricNoneTABLE 7Model (C4) > Geometry > PartsObject Name ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21ban1-21xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24State MeshedGraphics Properties Visible Yes Transparency1Definition SuppressedNo StiffnessBehaviFlexibleorCoordinateDefault Coordinate SystemSystemReferenceBy EnvironmentTemperatureBehaviNoneorMaterialAssignAluminum AlloymentNonlinearYesEffectsThermalYesStrainEffectsBounding BoxLength90. mm 50. mmXLength90. mm 605. mmYLength12. mm 100. mmZPropertiese97200 mm³ 6.8728e+005 mm³Mass 0.26924 kg 1.9038 kgCentroid X 1250.mm1390.mm1250.mm1390.mm10.04mm446.04 mm884.04 mm1320.mmCentroid Y 303.01mm443.01mm303.01mm-866.99mm-1007.mm-866.99mm-1007.mm45.511 mmCentroid Z-119. mm -163. mm Moment ofInertiaIp1184.97 kg·mm²60484 kg·mm²Moment ofInertiaIp2184.97 kg·mm²3209.1 kg·mm²Moment ofInertiaIp3363.48 kg·mm²58862 kg·mm²StatisticsNodes 96 1824 Elements9 252 Mesh NoneTABLE 8Model (C4) > Geometry > PartsObject Name xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-24xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23xingcai1-23State MeshedGraphics Properties VisibleYesTransparency1DefinitionSuppressedNoStiffnessBehaviorFlexibleCoordinateSystemDefault Coordinate System Refer By 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SlipProgram Controlled ToleranceNormalProgram Controlled StiffnessUpdateProgram Controlled StiffnessPinbalProgram Controlled lRegioGeometric ModificationContactGeometryCorrectionNoneTargetGeometryCorrectionNoneTABLE 17Model (C4) > Connections > Contacts > Contact RegionsObject Name ContactRegion45ContactRegion46ContactRegion47ContactRegion 48ContactRegion49ContactRegion 50ContactRegion 51ContactRegion52ContactRegion 53ContactRegion54ContactRegion 55State Fully DefinedScopeScopingMethGeometry SelectionCont act 1 Face4Faces1Face2Faces3Faces2 Faces3Faces2Faces3FacesTarget 1 Face4Faces1Face2Faces3Faces1Face2Faces3Faces2Faces3FacesContactBodiesPart 8 tao Target Bodies tao1-31.1xingcai1-21.41-31.1xingcai1-21.4ban1-20-111-31.1xingcai1-21.41-31.1xingcai1-21.4DefinitionType Bonded ScopeModeAutomaticBehaviorProgram ControlledTrimContactProgram ControlledTrimTolerance6.8196 mm Supp NoressedAdvancedFormProgram Controlled ulationDetectionProgram Controlled MethodPenetratioProgram Controlled nToleranceElastic SlipProgram Controlled ToleranceNormalProgram Controlled StiffnessUpdateProgram Controlled StiffnessPinbaProgram Controlled ll。