have sth. done,have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 四种句型的区别一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义(1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。
例:①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。
②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。
(2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与)。
例:①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。
②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完成此项工作。
(3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。
例:①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被(风)吹掉了。
②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。
(4) 用于否定句中,表示“不允许….”“不让”。
例:①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。
②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。
二、have sb. do表示四种含意(1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。
可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。
例:①I had him repair my bike. (=I got him to repair my bike.)我请他修理自行车。
②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。
(2)表示主语无意识的行为,这时“have”作“有”解。
例:These small animals seem glad to have people visit them.(3)表示主语“经历”某事。
例:He had his mother die.他遭丧母。
(4)在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。
例:I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。
三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。
(1)在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”,“让某情况发生”之意,含有动作正在进行之意。
例:①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起来。
②I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。
(2)在否定结构中,表示“不能让”,“不允许”。
例:we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。
四、have sth. to do表示“有某事要完成”,其中不定式作定语,且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。
(1)如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。
例:①I have some letters to write.我有几封信要写。
②He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要养活。
(2)如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。
例:“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.佣人问道:“你今天有没有衣服要(我)洗?”rather than 用法小结rather than 是一个并列连词,用法比较复杂,现归纳如下:1. rather than 与would 连用时,构成“would rather...than...”句式,意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”,表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一。
例如:She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2. rather than 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……;与其……不如……”。
它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。
现分述如下:(1) 连接两个名词或代词He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2) 连接两个形容词The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。
(4) 连接两个分句We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
(5) 连接两个不定式I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
注意:rather than 后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to, 如上句。
但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式。
如:Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉,把它们以半价卖掉了。
(6) 连接两个动词He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的,而不是走来的。
注意:这里rather than 后用了walked,而没有用walk,表示客观事实,而不是主观愿望。
如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。
would rather的用法一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”,后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather,表示优先选择的一种方式其否定形式是would rather not do sth。
would rather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用would rather。
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式,美国英语中多用had rather。
would (had)在此决无“过去”之意,它是一个情态助动词,且无词性、时态变化。
例Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着,那我们都离开这儿。
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
二、如果在两者中进行取舍,表示“宁愿……而不愿……,与其……宁可……”的意思时,则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型例I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意1)would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为:rather than…would…。
Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式,若选用的动词相同,那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink wine than beer.他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作,他宁愿放弃。
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”,即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
三、在疑问句式中,would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前例Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里,还是回家?Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉?Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗?四、would rather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。
其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。
引导从句的that常省略。
在谈到过去的动作时,谓语则用过去完成时。
例John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。