比较级与最高级语法专讲形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。
一、形容词的原级及用法◆形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较2.可以修饰原级的词: very quite enough(“足够”,用在形容词后)so pretty too how rather(相当) (not) as…as (“(不)像…一样”,同级比较) not so…as (“不像…一样”,同级比较)e.g. How happy we are! 我们多么高兴啊!This ruler is as long as that one.这把尺子和那把一样长。
(变否定句)This ruler is not as/so long as that one.二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则①单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加estcold —colder —coldest tall —taller —tallesthigh —higher —highest long —longer —longest ②以字母e结尾的词只加r或stnice —nicer —nicest late —later —latestfine —finer —finest③重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或estbig —bigger —biggest hot —hotter —hottestwet — wetter —wettest thin —thinner —thinnest red—redder —reddest fat —fatter —fattestsad —sadder —saddest④以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或esteasy — easier — easiest early — earlier — earliestfunny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest ⑤多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或most interesting important difficult excitied tired careful popular expensive boring fun ⑥不规则变化little — less — least good / well — better — bestbad / ill / badly —— worse —— worstmany / much —— more —— mostold —— older —— oldest (年龄大的,与than连用)old — elder —eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用) far —— farther —— farthest (距离远)far —— further —— furthest (除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的)◆副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同三、比较级用法1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更…”2.可以修饰比较级的词: much = a lot (…得多)a little = a bit (…一点点) even (甚至) far (远远…) any (丝毫,稍微, 用于否定和疑问句中)3.比较级标志: than or4.形容词比较级句式:①A + be + 形容词的比较级+ than + B. (A比B…)②Which/Who +be +形容词比较级, A or B? (哪个/谁更…,A 还是B?)练习写出下列句子凯特很瘦。
凯特和玛丽谁更瘦?玛丽比凯特更瘦。
玛丽比凯特更瘦吗?是的,她是。
这个书包和这个箱子不一样沉。
这个书包和这个箱子哪个更沉?这个箱子比书包更沉。
5.副词比较级句式:①A+实义动词+副词的比较级+thanB. (A…得比B…)②Which/Who +实义动词三单, A or B? (哪个/谁…得更…, A还是B?)练习写出下列句子自行车和轿车哪个走得快?轿车比自行车走得快。
这只羊和这只狗跑得不一样快。
这只羊比狗跑得快吗?吉姆比汤姆上床睡觉早。
(上句同义句)___________________________________________6.比较级特殊用法:①the +比较级+of the two… ——“两者中较…的”他是两个男孩中较高的。
He’s the taller of the two boys.②“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +多音节词” ——“越来越…”他越来越高。
He’s taller and taller.英语越来越重要English is more and more important.③The+比较级…, the+比较级… ——“越…, 越…”你越快乐就越美丽。
The happier you are, the more beautiful you are. ④not +比较级+than… ——“不如…, 不比…”no +比较级+than… ——“一样都不…”You are not taller than me. 你不比我高。
You are no taller than me. 你和我一样都不高。
⑤比较级+than any other +sig.+in+同一范围——“比同一范围中其他任何一个更…”比较级+than any +sig.+in+非同一范围——“比非同一范围中任何一个更…”She’s nicer than any other girl in her class.她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。
(主语本身就在比较范围之中,因此是在同一范围就主语与其他任何一个比较)She’s nicer than any girl in her sister’s class.她比她妹妹班里任何一个女孩都漂亮。
(主语不在该较范围之中,因此主语可以与该范围内任何一个作比较)◆该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。
四、最高级用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最…”2.形容词最高级前必须加the,副词前的the可以省略。
3.最高级标志:in of or4.句式:①the + 最高级+(n.) + in +比较范围我是我们班最聪明的。
I’m the cleverest in our class.②the + 最高级+(n.) + of +同类事物这本书是所有书中最有趣的。
The book is the most interesting of all the books.③Which/Who +v.(单数) +最高级, A, B or C?Jay, Will和JJ谁最收欢迎?Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or JJ?五、例题解析与难点攻克◆主语为人时than后面的比较对象若用代词用主格还是宾格?请判断正误:1. She looks nicer than I do. ( )She looks nicer than I. ( )She looks nicer than me. ( ) Notes:than可以作连词其后跟省略句,该省略句构成为(主格+助动词/be/情态动词),而谓语部分可省略; than还可以作介词在口语中跟人称代词宾格◆主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题2.Her hair is longer than her mother. ( ) Her hair is longer than her mother’s. ( )3.My bag is bigger than you. ( )My bag is bigger than your. ( )My bag is bigger than your bag. ( )My bag is bigger than yours. ( ) Notes:比较对象应与主语对等,当主语为限定词+n.时,than 后的其比较对象可为:①限定词+n.②名词所有格(一般省略其后相同的名词)③名词性物主代词(=形容词性物主代词+n.) mine yours his hers its ours theirs4.The weather of Beijing is colder than Shanghai.( )The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. ( )Notes:当主语有后置定语修饰时,为保证比较对象一致,常用that/thoes 指代比较对象。
◆比较范围5.The Changjing River is the longest ____ China.The Changjing River is the longest ____all the rivers in China.Notes:在最高级中,in后跟比较范围,of后跟进行比较的同类事物。
6.China is larger than any country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia( )◆同义句转换问题7.He is taller than anyone else in the class.= He is taller ____ ____ _____ student in the class.= He is taller _____ _____ ______ students in the class.= He is the ____ ____ student in the class.Notes:同一范围内比较比较级+than any other +sig.+in =比较级+than anyone else +in…=比较级+than the other +pl.+in… (只有同一范围比较才能出现other/else)非同一范围内比较比较级+than any+sig.+in…8. This coat is more expensiver than that one.= That coat is ________ than this one.= That coat isn’t _____ big _____ this one.Notes: A+v.+比较级+than+B (A比B更…) = B+v.+比较级反义词+than+A (B 比A更…)= B+v.+not as(so)… as… (B与A不一样…)◆“less+多音节词原级+than…” “不如…” —降级比较= That coat is less expensive than this one.Self Check1.I feel tired, so I want to go to bed ____ tonight.A.earlyB.earlierteter2.The food of our country is ___ than that of western countries.A.rather good thanB.much better thanC.more better thanD.so goos as3.The ice in the lake is as ____ as it was before.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnest Dthe thinnest4.Who is _____ running star in your school?A.famousB.more famousC.the most famousD.less famous5.—Which season do you like _____? —Summer.A.goodB.wellC.the betterD.best6.Lucy’s pen is ___ nicer than yours.A.tooB.moreC.quiteD.a little7.—Is your brother as outgoing as you? —No, he’s a quiet boy. He is ________.A.less outgoing than meB.not so calm as IC.more outgoing than meD.as outgoing as I8.—How are you today? —Much ____.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.the best9.Tom’s card is newer than ____.A.ourB.herC.myD.his10.___ is more beautiful than roses.A. No other flowerB. No another flowerC. Not other flowerD. Not all flowers11.Mary studies harder ______ in her class.A. as any oneB. than any other girlC. than the otherD. than anyone1.He is 3 times as _____(old) as me.2.I’m too tired to go any _________.(far)3.Who is _____, Lily or Lucy?4.Tom is the _______(heavy) of the three.5.Tom is the _______ of the two boys.6.Russia is _______(large) than any other country in the world.7.His computer is the _______________(expensive) of all.8.You are pretty ___________(beautiful).9.The book is ____________(useful) than that one.10.Who’s the _________(healthy) , you, he or she?11.How ______(small) the shirt is! I want a ________ (big) one.12.You have _______(short) and ______(curly) hair than Susan.13.Is this street a lot ______(noisy) than that one?14.I feel much _____________(excited) now.15.Soccer is becoming _____ and _______________(popalar) in China.16.My sister doesn’t write as _____(good) as I do.17.The ______(much) you practice, the ______ (good) your English will be.18.No other animal is _______(scary) than a snake.19.Math is less ________(difficult) than English.20.What a _______(funny) boy!21.You’re _______(bad) at sports than me.22.It’s the third _______ (long) river in Chi na.1.I have a big bag. He has a small bag. (合并)My bag is _____ than ______.2.You are funny. He’s funny, too. (合并)You are ______ funny _____ him.3.Tom is thinner than Sam. (同义句)=Sam is ______ than Tom.=Sam isn’t as ______ as Tom.4.He and I are the same. We are quite boys. (合并)He is _____ quite _____ I.5.They’re tall. You’re tall. too.But I’m taller than anyone else. (合并)I’m _____ ______ of all.。