专题九情态动词(一)中考备考指引1.概念情态动词是表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,要和其他动词原形一起构成谓语部分。
常见的情态动词有:can 能/may, might能够/will, would(表意愿)/need需要/dare敢/must必须/have to不得不/shall,should应该/ought to应该(表义务)……2.情态动词的语法特征(1)不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计将要发生的事情。
(2)后接动词原形。
(3)没有人称和数的变化。
(4)没有非谓语动词形式,即没有不定时、分词等形式。
【注意】①must, can(could), may(might),ought to只做情态动词。
②need,dare既可作情态动词又可作实义动词。
③shall(should), will(would)既可作情态动词又可作助动词。
④has/ have/ had to, used to, had better也具有情态动词的特征。
(二)考点精讲解析(使用及注意事项)考点1 情态动词(1)can和could表示水平、可能性、怀疑或推测(限于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)和允许。
【注意】could用于一般疑问句中比can语气更委婉,属于现在的情况。
如:The radio is pretty loud. Could you please turn it down a bit?(2)may 和might表示允许、推测(用于肯定句)、请求或规劝和祝愿。
(3)must和have to①must表示义务或责任、很有把握的推测(用于肯定句)和禁止(mustn’t)。
②must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。
must只有一般现在时,have to有多种时态形式。
③must的否定形式:mustn’t表示“不准”④由must构成的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to(不必)。
如:—Must we hand in our exercise books now?—No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.(4)should和ought to①表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
②表示劝告、建议和命令。
should和ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
(5)shall和should①表示允许或命令(常用于第二、第三人称)。
②表示征求意见(常用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中)。
(6)will和would表示意愿或决心、有礼貌的请求、习惯动作和预言。
(7)need1)作情态动词时,用于否定句和疑问句中,在肯定句中用must,have to, ought to或should。
如:○1—Need I go with her?—Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t.○2You needn’t worry about it because it’s not your fault.○3We needn’t do it again, need we?2)作实义动词时,后接to do,表示与主语的关系是主动的,若与主语的关系是被动的,则接doing或者to be done。
如:○1You don’t need to do it by yourself.○2The table needs painting./ the table needs to be painted.(8)had better表示“最好,应该”,后接动词原形,had通常缩写为’d;否定形式是:had better not。
如:○1You’d better sit here and have a rest.○2You’d better not tell lies any more.(9)used to表示“过去经常”,to是不定式符号,不是介词,所以后面接动词原形(不接动名词)。
如:○1My mother used to tell us stories when we were children.○2Did you use to play with your friends after school?○3You didn’t use to drink.考点过关精炼()1. —Look at that girl! Is it Susan?—No, it _____ be her. She has gone back to her hometown.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. needn’tD. wouldn’t()2. They ____ play football last Friday because Simon forgot to bring his football here.A. couldB. couldn’tC. can’tD. can()3. —What will the weather be like tomorrow?—It ____ be rainy ,cloudy or sunny. Who knows?A. mustB. mightC. shallD. should考点2三组情态动词的用法区别(1)must与have to两者都表示“必须”,但强调的重点不同:must侧重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要或有义务去做某事;have to 侧重于客观需要,含有“不得不”或者“被迫”之意。
如:My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.(2)can与be able to○1can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could, 而be able to有多种时态形式。
如:I can swim. I have been able to swim since I was six.○2be able to可用将来时态表示某人将来具备的水平,而can不能用于将来时态。
但表示现在决定将来是否有水平做某事时,可用can。
如:I can help you tomorrow.(3)can’t与may not1)can’t有两个意思:若表示水平,意为“不能”;若表示推测,意为“不可能”。
如:○1I can’t sing that song in English.○2It can’t be ture.2)may not也有两个意思:若表示许可,意为“不能够”;若表示推测,意为“可能不”。
如:○1You may not smoke here.○2They may not have known it beforehand.专题十非谓语动词(一)中考备考指引非谓语动词常指动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(doing,done),在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的某些特征。
所以,非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语等。
(二)考点精讲精析(使用及注意事项)非谓语动词常见的搭配如下:考点1 谓语动词 + to do(否定:not to do)的形式。
如:want to do, offer to do, decide to do, agree to do, hope to do, refuse to do, manage to do, choose to do, promise to do……考点过关精炼()1. Tony wants ____ a job as a language teacher in China.A. to findB. findingC. findD. found()2. What bad weather it was! We decided ____.A. to go outB. not to go outC. to not to go outD. not going out考点2谓语动词 + sb./ sth. + to do(否定:not to do)的形式。
如:ask sb. to do, allow sb. to do, invite sb. to do, tell sb. to do, want sb. to do. Persuade sb. to do, teach sb. to do, force sb. to do……考点过关精炼()1. My mother asked me ____ the room.A. cleanB. cleansC. to cleanD. cleaning()2. Father often tells me ____ too much time on computer games.A. don’t spendB. not spendC. not to spendD. not spending考点3谓语动词 + doing的形式如:finish doing, enjoy doing, consider doing, practice doing, mean doing, miss doing, avoid doing, suggest doing, admit doing, give up doing, be used to doing, look for ward to doing, keep (on) doing, be busy doing, insist on doing……考点过关精炼()1. English is very important, so I practice ____ it very hard.A. speaksB. to speakC. speakingD. speak()2. Most of the young people enjoy ____ Jay Chou’s songs.A. singsB. sangC. singingD. to sing考点4当谓语动词是使役动词时,其形式是:谓语动词 + sb./ sth. + do(否定:not do)如:let sb. do, make sb. do, have sb. do, help sb. do (to do)……考点过关精炼()1. The woman made his son ____ finally after she told him some jokes.A. laughedB. to laughC. laughD. laughing()2.The assistant won’t let you ____ the cinema if youhaven’t a ticket.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered考点5 有些谓语动词之后既能够加动词不定式to do的形式,也能够加动名词doing的形式,但是它们的中文意思不同。