第十章钻柱一.常用单词和短语drilling string 钻柱bit 钻头cutter 牙轮motor bit 马达（高转速）钻头break in bit 磨合钻头bit dull grading 钻头磨钝分级nozzle 喷嘴clipper 钳子snap ring 水眼卡子center jet 中间喷嘴bit program 钻头设计bit record 钻头记录bit gauge 钻头规bit size 钻头尺寸bit breaker 钻头盒子steel bit 钢齿钻头insert bit 镶齿钻头rock bit 牙轮钻头PDC bit 聚晶金刚石复合片钻头bit sub 钻头接头shock sub 减振器junk（boot）basket 打捞杯drill collar 钻铤monel drill collar 无磁钻铤stabilizer 稳定器drill pipe 钻杆HWDP=heavy weight drill pipe加重钻杆drilling jar 随钻震击器Kelly 方钻杆TDS=top drive system顶部驱动系统single 单根stand 立柱tool joint 接头二.阅读练习1.关于钻杆的往来函件1From: Ahmed Hamid 自：阿哈默德·哈密德Sent: Wednesday, August 08, 2001 11:33 AM 发送：星期三，2001年8月8日，上午11：33 To: Les Lee; Rig 5003 至：莱斯·李Cc: Mohammad Bidi; Wang; Morris Smith 抄送：谟罕默德·比的，王，毛瑞斯·斯密斯Subject: Washout of DP in Rig 03 主题：03队刺钻杆Gents,先生们：We have experienced 3 DP washouts so far in Rig 03, it is a very serious problem in such a critical, deep and directional well like the case in Taf-1 well, every time POOH to check for washout & LD of WO joint is time consuming and the hole condition will getting worst and the chance and the possibility of getting stuck will be more, bearing in mind how much cost Anadrill down hole equipment in case we lost in hole. Yesterday we (Zuki & myself)had a meeting with GWDC's Manager & his assistant, the outcome of the meeting is as follows:目前03队已刺3根钻杆，在塔夫-1这样关键，深井并且是定向井的情况，每次起钻检查并甩掉刺穿的单根是非常费时的，并且井下状况将变得更糟，卡钻的可能性也更大，记住如果Anadrill的井下仪器落井将花费的成本。
昨天我们（祖克和我）与长城钻井经理和他的助手开会，会议内容如下：1- Operation will not accept any further WO and we may found ourselves in a position to charge GWDC for any down time due to washout.作业部将不能接受更多的刺漏，我们将对由于刺钻杆引起的停工时间向长城钻井公司收费。
2- GWDC is requested to come up with report explaining what happening in Rig 03 in reference to washout problems.要求长城钻井公司对03队的刺钻杆问题作出解释。
3- GWDC was requested to come up with DP Records for both the New ones and the Old ones.要求长城钻井公司出示新钻杆和旧钻杆的记录。
Les,莱斯We need your assistant in supplying us with the following:我们需要你帮助提供如下（情况）：1-In Sha-1 we faced the same problem, GWDC has changed the old DP to new DP, we requested them to mark & remove the old DP from Rig 03 to their yard in Heglig, Did they removed the old DP?1-沙-1井我们曾遇到同样问题，长城钻井公司将就钻杆换为新钻杆，我们曾要求他们标出并移走03队的旧钻杆到黑格里，他们移走了旧钻杆么？2- I think if they run the old DP in hole, it is their mistake and we have to panelize them for the down time. If the existing DP are new then the quality and the manufacturing is questionable, and immediate DP change to brandnew with good quality should be done.2-我想如果他们下了旧钻杆，那就是他们的错，我们不得不因停工时间对他们惩罚。
如果现有钻杆是新的，那么质量和制造是可疑的，必须立即更换为高质量的新钻杆。
Your opinion please.请告知你的观点。
Regards 问候Ahmed Elias 阿哈默德·埃拉斯2.关于钻杆的往来函件2From: Les Lee自：莱斯·李Sent: Friday, August 10, 2001 7:54 AM发送：星期五，2001年8月10日，上午7：54To: Ahmed Hamid ; Mohammad Bidi 至：阿哈默德·哈密德，谟罕默德·比的Cc: Rig 03 抄送：03队Subject: Rig 03 Drill pipe history 主题：03队钻杆历史Good morning Ahmed. 阿哈默德，早上好！Bill and Malik have put an extensive effort into determining the cause of the wash outs in the drill pipe on 03. We have also had Smith International do an inspection on the drill pipe we are using. There inspection indicates that the string is to APl premium spec's. There is no indication of pitting on the tube, either inner or outer. I know the consensus is that the drill pipe is the problem, but I favor Bill's theory that the probable cause is erratic torque for extended periods of time. We are all aware that the weight observed on the weight indicator while drilling a directional well is not what's actually on the bit. A percentage of observed weight is distributed over the Iow side of the hole. I'm not suggesting that PDC bits cause drill pipe failure/washouts, because if that was the case, there would be non on the market. What I am suggesting is that if this particular bit requires a variance of 10 - 18 Kbl/ft in order to drill, we may be causing a stress in the drill string at some point in the well where the drill pipe is seeing maximum contact at that given time. Has anyone come up with any additional theories?比尔和马力克已为找出03对刺钻杆的原因作出了很大努力。
我们也请了斯密斯国际公司对我们正在使用的钻杆进行检验。
他们的检验显示钻柱达到API优级规范。
在管子的内外没有坑蚀的痕迹。
我知道多数人的认为是钻杆的问题，但我支持比尔的观点，可能的原因是长时间的不稳定扭矩。
我们都知道钻定向井时指重表看到的钻压不是实际施加到钻头的重量。
看到重量的一定比例分配到井眼的低边。
我认为不是PDC钻头引起的钻杆失效/刺穿，因为如果是这样的话，市场上将不会存在。
我的意见是如果这一特殊的钻头要求钻进时需要10-18 Kbl/ft的扭矩，可能在井眼的某些点引起钻柱的应力，在这些点钻杆的接触面积最大。
有人提出其他的观点么？三.补充材料-钻头磨损等级分类U S E D B I T D U L L G R A D I N G S Y S T E M F O R M A T A N D C O D E S旧钻头磨损等级系列尺寸和代号（见表10-1）表10-1旧钻头磨损等级系列尺寸和代号Table 1表1Table 2表2Table 3 表3Table 4表4Table 5 表5Table 6 表6举例如下（见表10-2）：。