1八年级上册英语寒假作业翻译各单元的短语和习惯用语，认真阅读词语辨析及重点语法Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?重点短语：（1（2（3（4（5（6（7（8（9（10（11（12（13（14（15（16（17（18（19（20（21（22（23（24（25（26重点语法：（1）Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City.（2）Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. （3）Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father.（4）How was the food? Everything tasted really good.（5）Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent.习惯用法：（1）buy sth for sb./ buy sb. Sth（2）taste + adj.（3）nothing ….but + V.(原形)（4）seem + (to be) + adj（5）. arrive in + 大地方arrive at + 小地方（6）decide to do sth.（7）. try doing sth.（8）try to do sth.（9）try one`s best to do sth（10）enjoy doing sth.（11）want to do sth.（12）start doing sth.（13）stop doing sth.stop to do sth（14）look + adj（15）dislike doing sth.（16）Why not do sth（17）so + adj + that + 从句（18）tell sb. (not) to do sth.（19）keep doing sth.（20）.forget to do sth. forget doing sth 词语辨析：○1anywhere 与somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
I can’t find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。
I lost my key somewhere near here.○2seem + 形容词看起来…..You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事I seems / seemed + that来好像…；似乎….seem like ….好像，似乎…..It seems like a god idea. ○3decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词+ 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.○4start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换。
He started doing his homework. ○5over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.○6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do.Don’t talk too much.○7because of 因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确○8too,…to太….以至于不能….Mother is too tired to go to school.○9have fun doing sth享受做某事的乐趣Unit 2How often do you exercise? 短语：（1）（22）be good at doing sth（24）in one’s free time2（29）old habits die hard（31）垃圾食品（32）照料某人（33）look after sb（35）get in…语法要点：（1）What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.（2）What do they do on weekends? They often help my mother with housework. （3）What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping.（4）How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month. （5）How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.（6）Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.习惯用法：1. help sb. with sth＝have sb do sth2. How about doing…?3. want sb. to do sth.4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句5. 主语+ find+ that 从句发现…6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光8. ask sb. about sth. 9. by doing sth. 通过做某事10. What’s your favorite…..?11 start doing sth.12. the best way to do sth.13.full of14.what about doing sth？I don`t like it at all. 我一点儿也不喜欢它。
词语辨析：1. free 空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy.be free 有空，闲着，相当于have time.I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week. 2. How come？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why, 但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。
Don’t stay up late next time.stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。
He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。
I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。
She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5. find + 宾语+名词, 发现：We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语+ 形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.find + 宾语+ 现在分词，发现：3I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数，基数词+ percent：percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。
Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。
反义词组为：less than.I lived in Shanghai for more than / over tenyears.8. afraid 形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。
I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人/ 某事；be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark.Don’t be afraid of asking question.I’m afraid + 从句，恐怕，担心：I’m afraid I have to go now.9. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：sometimes 频度副词，有时。
sometime 副词，某个时候。
some times 名词词组，几次，几倍。
其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.times have you read the story?some time 名词短语，一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时10.how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。
回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how far 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。
How far is it from h ere to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister 短语归纳与用法：（1））as…as…（2）the singing competition （16）be similar to （3）the same as （17）be different from （4）care about （18）be like a mirror （5）the most important （19）as long as（6）bring out （20）get better grades4（7）reach for （21）in fact（8）交朋友（22）the other（9）感动某人（23）be talented in music（10）擅长…… （24）be good with（11）have fun doing sth. （25）be good at doing sth（12）make sb. do sth. （26）want to do sth.（13）as+adj./adv.的原级+as （14）It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.语法知识：（1）Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom.（2）Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.（3）Ar e you as friendly as your sister? No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.（4）Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.（5）Who’s more hardworking at school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.词语辨析：（1）laugh v. & n. 笑He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。