常见的语法错误和修辞错误1．语法方面的错误（1）英语汉化误：The main reasons for the change have five points.正：There are five main reasons for the change.误: After four years, they graduated from the university.正：Four years later, they graduated from the university.误：Smoking cigarettes will do harm to our body.正：Smoking cigarettes will do harm to our health.误：If a student only has knowledge of natural science, he will become a one-legged man when he comes out of university doors.正：If a student only has knowledge of natural science, he won’t become a well-round man when he graduates from university.（2）时态搭配错误误：Once a colony of Belgium known as the Belgian Congo, Zaire has gained its independence in 1960.正：Once a colony of Belgium known as the Belgian Congo, Zaire gained its independence in 1960.误：Jack’s mother had to call him half a dozen times until he came downstairs to his lunch.正：Jack’s mother had to call him half a dozen times before he came downstairs to his lunch.误：Her daughter, who is studying abroad, has come back for two week.正：Her daughter, who is studying abroad, has come been back for two week.误：There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.正：There are so many countries using English that it is now regarded as an international language.误：In 1990, the consumption of grain has decreased by 20%.正：In 1990, the consumption of grain decreased by 20%.（3）形容词结构错误误：If all ingredients are mixed properly the soup should taste deliciously.正：If all ingredients are mixed properly the soup should taste delicious.误：Not doing your assignments consistently will make learning the material less easier for you.正：Not doing your assignments consistently will make learning the material less easy for you.误：Mr. Johnson felt hurriedly as he tried to make his way through the crowds to the ticket window only five minutes before the bus was to leave.正：Mr. Johnson felt hurried as he tried to make his way through the crowds to the ticket window only five minutes before the bus was to leave.误：He felt that since he had worked hardest than anyone else, he should get the most money.正：He felt that since he had worked harder than anyone else, he should get the most money.误：He appeared hot and flush, and he was not dressed with customary care and completeness.正：He appeared hot and flushed, and he was not dressed with customary care and completeness.（4）介词结构错误误：The firm offered him a sum of a thousand pounds in compensation of the injury he had received.正：The firm offered him a sum of a thousand pounds in compensation for the injury he had received.误：The audience complimented him for outstanding performance.正：The audience complimented him on outstanding performance.误：He is indifferent from the sufferings of his comrades.正：He is indifferent to the sufferings of his comrades.误：We must insist on strict compliance by the regulation.正：We must insist on strict compliance with the regulation.误：The peasantry were condemned for a life of toil and poverty.正：The peasantry were condemned to a life of toil and poverty.（5）主谓语不一致误：Collecting dolls as a hobby have become increasingly popular during the past fifty years.正：Collecting dolls as a hobby has become increasingly popular during the past fifty years.误：This natural phenomena which we have just discovered is not interesting. 正：This natural phenomenon which we have just discovered is not interesting. 误：Everybody that I have met want to have an interesting job when he leaves school.正：Everybody that I have met wants to have an interesting job when he leaves school.误：The amount of pressure which the material is subject to affect the quality of the products.正：The amount of pressure which the material is subject to affects the quality of the products.误：The statistics in that report on oil production is incorrect.正：The statistics in that report on oil production are incorrect.（6）指代不明误：She was delighted with anything that distracted him from the dark thought that overwhelmed him, so Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints and materials she could find.正：Clementine was delighted with anything that distracted him from the dark thought that overwhelmed him, so she rushed off to buy whatever paints and materials she could find.或Delighted with anything that distracted him from the dark thought thatoverwhelmed him, Clementine rushed off to buy whatever paints and materials. 误：When he thrust a stick into the rat hole, it ran out and bit him.正：When he thrust a stick into the rat hole, the rat ran out and bit him.误：People have tried to fight against the influence of TV commercials, it often proves useless.正：People have tried to fight against the influence of TV commercials, but this effort often proves useless.误：If one wants to excel in mathematics, you should watch your diet.正：If one wants to excel in mathematics, he should watch his diet.或If you want to excel in mathematics, you should watch your diet.误：Anyone who doesn’t understand the lesson should ask their teacher to explain it.正：Anyone who doesn’t understand the lesson should ask his teacher to explain it.（7）垂悬分词结构误：By reading the direction carefully, some mistakes in the examination could have been avoided.正：If you read the direction carefully, some mistakes in the examination could have been avoided.或By reading the direction carefully, you could have avoided some mistakes in the examination.误：Having graduated from college, it was time to look for job.正：If you had graduated from the college, it was time to look for job.或After having graduated from the college, he started to look for a job.误：To play tennis well, the racket must be held properly.正：If one wished to play tennis well, he must hold the racket properly.误：Comparing these two items, there are differences as well as similarities.正：Comparing these two items, you will see there differences as well as similarities.误：To discover unknown natural resources, some of the earth’s surface should be surveyed.正：To discover unknown natural resources, you should survey some of the earth’s surface.（8）定语从句结构错误误：The computer, it is a 20th century invention, has created startling technological changes in the way we organize and produce information.正：The computer, which is a 20th century invention, has created startling technological changes in the way we organize and produce information.误：His thesis, of that the last hundred pages are absolutely nonsense, will probably win him a lot of notoriety.正：His thesis, of which the last hundred pages are absolutely nonsense, will probably win him a lot of notoriety.误：Adolescents—and everyone else—should cut out highly processed foods and drinks, what may be low in iron and other nutrients.正：Adolescents—and everyone else—should cut out highly processed foods and drinks, which may be low in iron and other nutrients.误：This motor, which might be expected, has stopped operating.正：This motor, as might be expected, has stopped operating.误：The reason that she plans to go to college is because she wants to learn some new knowledge.正：The reason why she plans to go to college is because she wants to learn some new knowledge.（9）状语从句结构错误误：The teacher tried to make the classes enjoyable experiences for the students since they would take a greater interest in the subject.正：The teacher tried to make the classes enjoyable experiences for the students so that they would take a greater interest in the subject.误：The wing-beats of humming birds are too rapid that their wings can not be seen distinctly.正：The wing-beats of humming birds are so rapid that their wings can not be seen distinctly.误：Had the committee members considered the alternatives more carefully, they would have realized that the second was better as the first.正：Had the committee members considered the alternatives more carefully, they would have realized that the second was better than the first.误：We had lived in this house for three years while my father decided to have us move to a new neighborhood.正：We had lived in this house for three years before my father decided to have us move to a new neighborhood.。