• 虽然不定式没有语法上的主语，但有逻辑 主语。不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语要 一致。
• 为了在搞科研中取得成功，需要坚持不懈。 • 误：To succeed in a scientific research
project, persistence is needed. • 正：To succeed in a scientific research
范例
• 欢迎你来到英语角活动。 • Welcome you to join our English corner
activities. • You are welcome to join our English corner. • Welcome to join our English corner.
than those in our class.
语法型错误
• 常见的语法错误有：名词单复数变化错误；冠词、 介词错用漏用；比较级、最高级错用或不一致； 主谓关系不一致、主从关系混乱、非谓语动词及 虚拟语气表达错误等。
• 他本来想多给你一点帮助的，只是他太忙了。 • 误：He wanted to give you more help, but he
逻辑型错误
• 在用英语表达汉语原文的意思时，时间的 先与后，执行者与承受者之间的关系，非 谓语动词的逻辑主语与住句的主语，比较 句的排除与包括，代替词和名次的性与数 的一致等都存在着一个逻辑问题。
时间先后不合逻辑
• 对不起，我没看见你。 • 误：Sorry I don’t see you. • 正：Sorry I didn’t see you.
翻译中的常见错误
• 汉译英 • 造成汉译英常见错误的原因错综复杂，但
就其原因主要有两个：一是运用英语知识 的实践能力差，尽管道理和规则记得很熟， 但由于练习较少，动笔时容易出错；二是 受汉语的影响，常见的错误往往是用英语 套用汉语的表达方式，习惯说法和思维模 式等。
生搬硬套型错误
• 这类错误就是把汉语表达的意思逐词照搬 地直译成英语。
also cut trees. • 正：Many people don’t plant trees, instead, they
cut trees. • 他们刚要走过街角就听到了枪声。 • They were just turning the corner, when they
heard the noise of a shot. • Just as they were turning the corner, they heard
project, one needs to be persistent.
范例
• 要做出决定，应该考虑各种因素。 • To make a decision, everything must be
taken into consideration. • To make a decision, you must take
the noise of a shot.
语义结构型错误
• 由于容易受到汉语字面说法的干扰，汉译 英时要特别重视语义结构（也可称为词语 搭配），比如：吃药是take medicine,但吃 苹果是eat apple.
• 老虎在笼子里，因此我不怕。 • 误：Being in a cage, I was not afraid of
the tiger. • 正：The tiger being in a cage, I was not
afraid of it.

范例
• 看着窗外，他想起了自己的童年。 • Looking out of the window, thoughts of his
childhood came to him. • Looking out of the window, he thought of his
childhood. • 听到这消息时，他满眼是泪。 • Hearing the sad news, his eyes were filled with
tears. • When he heard the sad news, his eyes were
everything into consideration. • 这本书需要翻译成英语 • The book is required to put into English. • The book is required to be put into English.
分词的逻辑主语问题
• 分词的逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相一致。 否则便成为悬垂分词。
filled with tears.
不合乎逻辑的比较
• 指在译成英语的句子中形成了非等同物之 间的比较，如：
• 你们班的女生比我们班的更活跃。 • 误：The girls in your class are more active
than our class. • 正：The girls in your class are more active
has been so busy recently. • 正：He would have given you more help, but he
has been so busy recently.
范例
• 许多人不但不植树，反而砍树。 • 误：Many people not only don’t plant trees but
• 美中不足 • Both America and China are insufficient • (正：a fly in the ointment) • 嫁祸于人 • Marry the misfortune to another. • （正：shift the misfortune onto sb. else）
范例
• 从图书馆借来的那本书已找到。 • The book which was borrowed from the
library had been found. • The book which had been borrowed from
the library was found.
不定式的逻辑主语问题