Router
跨路由器的数据传输
Is destination local? Verify packet Yes, add the destination MAC address Is destination local? Verify packet Verify packet Verify IP address No, add the router’s MAC address Yes, add theDecrease destination MAC address TTL Verify IP Send address the packet up to the next layer Always add the destination’s IP address
设置IP地址的原则
第一个数不能为127
主机 ID 不能全为 255
主机 ID 不能全为 0
IP 地址必须是唯一的
设置网络 IDs
1
Router
2
3 10.0.0.0 192.168.2.0 172.16.0.0
设置主机 IDs
1
10.0.0.1
Router
172.16. 0.1
2
10.0.0.10
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability. Otherwise, you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings. Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address: IP address: Subnet mask : Default gateway: 192 . 168 . 1 . 200 255 . 255 . 255. 0 192. 168 . 1 . 1
通信过程
Name Address Address
Name Address
Post Office
Post Office
TCP/IP 的分层
Application Layer HTTP FTP
Transport Layer TCP UDP
应用层
传输层
IP
Internet IGMP Layer ICMP
Nbstat Netstat Ping Tracert
Server-based Software
数据的路由

IP 路由 跨路由器的数据传输
IP 路由
Portion of Routing Table
192.168.1.0 192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0 192.168.4.0 192.168.5.0 192.168.6.0 192.168.7.0 192.168.8.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1 192.168.3.1 192.168.4.1 192.168.5.1 192.168.6.1 192.168.7.1 192.168.8.1
No, add the Is Router’s MAC local? address destination Send the packet up to the next layer Always add the destination’s address MAC address Verify Yes, packet add theIP destination Decrease No, addTTL another Router’s MAC address
Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses:
Preferred DNS server: Alternate DNS server:
Advanced... OK Cancel
查看IP地址
子网掩码


子网 子网掩码 (Subnet Masks) 确定本地和远程主机
子网
Subnet 1 1 2 Subnet 2
Hub
Router
Hub
子网掩码
IP Subnet Address Mask
Subnet Mask IP Network Address ID
10.50.100. 10.50. 10. 255.255.
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.10
172.16. 0.10
10.0.0.11
172.16. 0.11
10.0.0.12
192.168.2.11
3 192.168.2.0
172.16. 0.12
10.0.0.0
172.16.0.0
设置IP地址


静态IP地址 自动IP地址 查看IP地址
ARP
Internet 层
网络接口层
Network Layer ATM Interface Ethernet
OSI 模型与TCP/IP 模型的比较
OSI TCP/IP
Application
Presentation Session Application
Transport Network
TCP IP
255.255.255. 255.255. 255.
50.100.200 100.200 200 0.0
0.0.0 0.0 0 2.200 0.0.0 0.0 0
Host ID
192.168. 10.50.100. 10.50. 10.
Network ID
பைடு நூலகம்
确定本地和远程主机
1
Example 2 1
静态IP地址
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability. Otherwise, you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings. Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address: IP address: Subnet mask : Default gateway: 192 . 168 . 1 . 200 255 . 255 . 255. 0 192. 168 . 1 . 1
Internet 组管理协议 (IGMP)
TCP
IP
UDP
ICMP IGMP ARP
地址解析协议 (ARP)
1 5
ARP Cache
B
2
A
6
3
ARP Cache
TCP
IP
UDP
1. ARP cache is checked 2. ARP request is sent 3. ARP entry is added 4. ARP reply is sent 5. ARP entry is added 6. IP packet is sent
网络基础培训课程资料 (二)
2006年4月 计算机系统事业部 客服技术支持部
第2章 TCP/IP 协议概述
TCP/IP基础知识



IP地址基础知识
优化IP地址的分配
第一节：TCP/IP基础知识



TCP/IP简介 TCP/IP 协议栈 名字解析 数据的路由
TCP/IP简介


通信过程 TCP/IP 的分层 定义应用程序
HTTP Server
192.168.2.150
TCP/IP 协议栈


Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) TCP/IP Utilities
Network ID
Host ID
Class B
Class C
Network ID
Host ID
Network ID
Host ID
w
x
y
z
IP 地址范围
*127 (011111111) is a Class A address reserved for loopback testing and cannot be assigned to a network.
Remote Local Hosts Hosts
2
A
192.168.1.100
D
192.168.2.100
B
192.168.2.100
Router
E
C
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0 255.255.0.0