1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 2.The desk feels hard. 主+系+表 3.Plants need water. 主+谓+宾
4.He gave me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 介宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
基本句型 三 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是谓 语动词都具有实义，都是主语产 生的动作，但不能表达完整的意 思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作 的承受者，才能使意思完整。这 类动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ
Ｖ（实义动词）
Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. I 7. He
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
S + V + (O) + (OC)
I found him lying in bed. •hear/cry/next room •notice/thief/steal/house
•feel/building/shake
•see/trees/plant/mountain
练习 1 她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。 She sang us an English song. 2 我去给你沏点新鲜茶。 I’ll make you some fresh tea. 3 这会省去你很多麻烦。 That will save you a lot of trouble. 4 请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。 Please fetch me today’s paper.
Ｖ（及 物） passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed
（多指 人） him husband her you her him him me
Ｏ（多指物） a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand.
5 我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好。 We must get the supper ready in half an hour. 6 你们必须保持房间干净。 You must keep the room clean. 7 我认为这没有必要。 I don’t think it necessary. 8 不久他们就把她释放了。 Soon they set her free.
基本句型 四 Ｓ+Ｖ+IO +DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个 宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语 一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指人 的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接， 当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这 一介词往往被省略。
Ｓ 1.She 2.She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成 五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、 省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句 型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的 基础。
英语五种基本句型： 1.Ｓ+Ｖ (主＋谓) 2.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ (主＋系＋表) 3.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾) 4.Ｓ+Ｖ+IO +DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾 ＋直宾） 5.Ｓ+Ｖ +Ｏ +OＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋ 宾补)
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
Our school became larger and larger.
• city/become/beautiful • feel/happy
练习
1今天我感觉不太舒服。 I don’t feel very well today. 2 他看上去很累。 He looks very tired. 3 你的汤味道很好。 Your soup tastes very good. 4 她似乎对计划不感兴趣。 She doesn’t seem very interested in the plan.
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S + V + (O) + (OC) I asked him to do his homework.
• he/teach/pupils/speak/English • she/advise/him/listen/every day • she/allow/me/use/dictionary
• 常用的带复合宾语的动词 • think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc.
flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed. woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday. is playing. have gone.
练习
Байду номын сангаас
1鸟在飞翔。 Birds are flying. 2她的宝宝在哭。 Her baby is crying. 3太阳正在落山。 The sun is setting. 4谁也没笑。 No one laughed.
基本句型 一 Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓） 此句型的句子的谓语动词都能 表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后 面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语 从句等。
Ｓ
Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They
knows laughs at understands made ate want said
the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples.
to have a cup of tea.
Good morning.
练习1 1过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。 We’ve achieved a lot in the past twenty years. 2 他们很快控制了病情。 They soon controlled the disease. 3 他们只是在建空中楼阁。
练习2 5你唱得很美。 You sing beautifully. 6 我咳了一夜。 I coughed all night. 7 我们很少在外边吃饭。 We seldom dine out. 8 昨天发生了事故。 The accident occurred yesterday.
• 常用的不及物动词（vi.) • run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, fly, come, go等。
（ wash, sell, record, wear, read, write等与well, easily等副词连用， 也构成主谓。）
基本句型 二 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达 一个完整的意思，必须加上一个 表明主语身份或状态的表语构成 复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做连系动词。
to
take, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award, write, grant, permit, promise, pay
for
do, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， save, sing,
They are just building castles in the air.
4 我十分欣赏你们的表演。 I enjoyed every minute of your performance. 5 顾客要求退款。 The customer demanded a refund. 6 这会造成错误的印象。 That will create a wrong impression. 7 我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。 We always exchange Christmas gifts.
基本句型 五
此句型的句子特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个 宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须 加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才 能使意思完整。
Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
Ｓ 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I
Ｖ（及物）O（宾语） OＣ（宾补） keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back. getting on the bus.
5 天越来越冷了。 It’s getting cold.
6 孩子不久就睡着了。 Soon the child fell asleep. 7 他长得相当高了。 He has grown quite tall.
8 听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。 She went pale at the news.
系动词主要分三类： be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound seem, appear get, grow, become, turn, go, come, prove (turn out)——变得 stay, keep, remain——保持 be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语 和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持 其部分词义