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被动语态的翻译方法


• • • •
有时原句中的宾语也可转译成主语
• My daughter was given a present by
Mr. Green. • 我女儿的一份礼物是格林先生给的。 我女儿的一份礼物是格林先生给的。 • I was told the story by my mother when I was young. • 这个故事是小时候妈妈讲给我的。 这个故事是小时候妈妈讲给我的。
二、译成中文的被动句
• 有些英语被动结构不宜转译成汉语主动句
• 例如:
式的,就可带着这些被动标记,译成被动 式的,就可带着这些被动标记, 句式。 句式。
obey orders. • 他因拒绝接受并令而被解雇了。 他因拒绝接受并令而被解雇了。 • He was set upon by two masked men. • 他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。 遭到两个蒙面人的袭击 两个蒙面人的袭击。 • Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. • 我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。 我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。 受到全世界人民的支持
• He had been fired for refusing to
• The science fiction has been
translated into Chinese by a friend of mine. • 那部科幻小说是由我得一个朋友译成中文的 那部科幻小说是由 • The old man was knocked down by a speeding truck. • 那个老人让一辆超速的卡车撞倒了。 那个老人让一辆超速的卡车撞倒了。 • Those books have been affected with damp. • 那些书受潮了。 那些书受潮了。
被动语态的翻译方法
一般被动语态有四种情况:
• • • • • •
第一,无从说出、无需提及主动者 When will the new bridge be built? 什么时候建新桥? 第二,出于某种考虑,无意说出主动者 Generally it is considered not polite to do so. 一般认为,这样做是不礼貌的。
(4)把施动者译成主语
• We are kept strong and well by fresh air. • 清新的空气使我们身体健康。 清新的空气使我们身体健康。 • Those towering peaks are only to be • • •
scaled by the most daring. 只有最勇敢的人才能攀登那些高耸的山峰。 只有最勇敢的人才能攀登那些高耸的山峰。 The magnificent hotel had been completely destroyed by the big fire. 大火把这座富丽堂皇的宾馆完全烧毁了。 大火把这座富丽堂皇的宾馆完全烧毁了。
• • • • • •
第三,强调动作的承受者 第三, The room was cleaned by a little girl. 房间是一个小女孩打扫的。 第四,为了上下文的衔接和句子连贯 第四, Students asked a lot of questions. Most of them have been settled satisfactorily. 学生们问了好多问题。大部分问题已经 被圆满解决了。
(2)将原文主语译成宾语。如果原 将原文主语译成宾语。 文中没有施动者,必要时, 文中没有施动者,必要时,可在译 文中添加不确定的主语。 文中添加不确定的主语。如:“大 人们” 有人” 家”、“人们”、“有人”等。 • If you are asked personal questions, you
可加主语
• • • • • • • • • •
It is admitted that 大家承认 It is asserted that 有人主张 It is believed that 有人认为 It is found out that 人们发现 It is known that 众所周知 It is noted that 人们注意到 It is thought that 有人认为 It is taken that 人们认为 It is generally considered that 大家普遍认 为 It is understood that 人们明白
在现代汉语中• • • • • • •
问题应及时加以解决。 问题应及时加以解决。 Problems should be resolved in good time 这事必须马上办。 这事必须马上办。 This must be done immediately. 这个提案不错,但还可以进一步改进。 这个提案不错,但还可以进一步改进。 This proposal is better, but can still be improved. 一点水声也没听见。 一点水声也没听见。 Not a sound of water was heard.
(6)译成带表语的主动句
• The element of helium was first
found in the sun. • 氦元素最初是在太阳里发现的。 氦元素最初是在太阳里发现的。 • The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. • 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实 施的。 施的。
以it做形式主语的被动语态巨型的习 it做形式主语的被动语态巨型的习 惯译法。 惯译法。
• 以it做形式主语,被动语态的动词做谓 it做形式主语 做形式主语,
语,再接that引导的主语从句的结构 再接that引导的主语从句的结构 是英语中常见的一种句型。 是英语中常见的一种句型。在译成中 文时,常要变成主动句。 文时,常要变成主动句。有时不加主 语,有时则要加一些泛指的不确定的 主语, 大家” 人们” 主语,如“大家”、“人们”、“有 人”等。
• 7、Brief reference should be made here to
the law of universal gravitation. • 8、Care is to be taken to do away with the bad habit. • 9、When the anthem had been played, the group callisthenics began. • 10、Metals may be cast into various shapes. 10、 • 11、It may be asked why plants can run a 11、 fever. • 12、It is rumoured that she is going to 12、 divorce her second husband.
Exercises:
• 1、Do you know why the boy was scolded? • 2、I know the child would be well looked after
in the kindergarten. • 3、English is spoken in Britain, the U.S. and some other countries. • 4、Several study techniques are mentioned in this book. • 5、If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged. • 6、A force is needed to stop a moving body.
very important for Chinese students. •人们认为英语对中国学生来 说是很重要的。 说是很重要的。 •I am afraid I shall be laughed at. •我怕大家笑话我。 我怕大家笑话我。
(3)把原文句中的一部分转译成主 语
• 英语中一些被动句译成中文时,需要将句子中某
很多时候译成主动句式更好
• 例如: 例如: • Attention has been paid to
the new measures to prevent corrosion. • 已经注意到采取防腐新措施。 已经注意到采取防腐新措施。
一、译成中文的主动句
• (1)保留原文主语 • 翻译某些被动句时,如无需指出动作的发出者, • • • •
need not answer them. • 如果有人问你的私事,你可以不必回答。 • Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. • 大家知道,盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。
•English is considered
个适当的成分转译成主语。既要做到不违背英文 原文,又符合中文规范。表示方位的地点状语转 译成主语的情况较多 例:The 例:The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago. 中国在四千年前发明了指南针。 The answer are provided in the next chapter. 下一章提供答案。
• 不加主语:
• • • • • • • • •
It is said that 据说 It is supposed that 据推测 It has been calculated that 据计算 It was estimated that 据估计 It must be stressed that 必须强调 It will be seen from this that 应当指出 It can be clearly seen that 可以清楚地看到 It was so decided that 就此决定 It has been proved that 业已证明
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