考研语法精讲第四讲虚拟语气1.什么是虚拟语气【2010】Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influential, those selected people will do most of the work for them.【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.英语语气：（1）陈述（2）祈使（3）虚拟虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等【2003】If railroad charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line.【2007】If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament，you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.【2008】In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.2.虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用①If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。
表示愿望。
）②If he came here, he might be able to help you.如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。
表示对他的良好印象。
）③She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。
表示后悔。
）④If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。
表示感激。
）虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
如：If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。
(表希望)If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。
（表不希望）3. 建议性虚拟语气1)表示“建议、命令”等的动词后接虚拟语气；2)表示“建议、命令”等的形容词/副词后接虚拟语气；3)表示“建议、命令”等的名词后接虚拟语气；建议性虚拟语气的构成：(should) + 动词原形1)表示“建议、命令”等的动词后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气；【例1】Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children——disabled or not—— to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.【例2】Smith recommend that, whenever possible, you schedule a dental appointment or other discomforting event in the morning so you don’t spend the whole day worrying about it.【翻译】1. 公众要求降低物价。
2. 主席建议应该推迟会议。
2)表示“建议、命令”等的形容词/副词后接虚拟语气；一般用于It +is/was+ “建议、命令”动词的过去分词/形容词+ 主句【2000】It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.【2005】But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.3.表示“建议、命令”等的名词后接虚拟语气；一般出现在名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，从句内容使用虚拟语气【例1】Those worker’s demand is that their vacation should be extended to two weeks.【例2】The suggestion that the mayor present the prize was accepted by the judge panel.分辨下列句子是否正确：This is the suggestion that the mayor has made at the meeting.This is the suggestion that the mayor should make at the meeting.The mayor’s suggestion that the old building should be demolished was rejected.4. 虚拟语气在其他结构中的应用1)Wish/would rather/if only从句的应用Sometime I wish I were living in a different time and a different place.I would rather you went back to school now.If only I were a teacher!I wish I had been with you when you made the speech.I would rather you had not been to his house yesterday.If only you hadn’t quarreled with him.I wish you wouldn’t talk like that.I would rather you wouldn’t scold her.If only human would not die.对现在的期望，谓语：一般过去时；对过去发生的期望，谓语：过去完成时；对将来的期望，谓语：would/should/might/could+ 动词原形2)在It is about/high time that +从句结构中应用从句中的谓语只使用一般过去式It is high time that you realized you are not the only person in the team.It is time that the world learned the lessons.If I were in a movie, it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.区别：It’s time we started work.It’s time to start work.It is the first time that I have been to Nanning.3)用于as if/ as though方式状语从句有时用虚拟语气Summer as it is, it seems as if it were spring.Nobody ever touched this machine, but it operates as if it had been repaired.Some days go by much more quickly than others. Some hours seem as if they would never end.As if /though陈述语气——事实有很大可能性虚拟语气——事实可能性很小，或者与事实不符合There are clouds in the sky; it looks as if it is going to rain.天空中乌云密布，看起来要下雨了。