动词第三人称单数变化规则1) 一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s. 例如:works gets says reads2) 以ch,sh,s,x 或o 结尾的动词,在后面加-es。
例如:go-goes teach-,teache wash-washes brush-brushes ,catch-catches ,do-does ,fix -fixes3) 以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加-es. 例如:study- studies try-tries carry-carries ,fly-flies cry-cries现在分词变化规则1.直接+ ing(例:sleep+ing sleeping)2.去e+ing(例:bite-e+ing biting)3重读闭音节,且末尾只有1个辅音字母,双写辅音字母+ing(例:sit+t+ing sitting)4.特殊变化:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying5.不规则变化现在进行时的基本用法:A 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。
例:We are waiting for you.B. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
例:Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。
)例:She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了)we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)D.有些动词(状态动词不用于进行时态)1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand2.表示―看起来‖―看上去"appear,resemble,seem3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer4表示构成或来源的动词be come from.contain,include5表示感官的动词hear see smell sound taste6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish1、现在进行时的构成现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。
be应为助动词,最容易被同学漏掉,它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。
2、现在进行时的应用(1)当句子中有now时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如:They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以look, listen开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。
如:Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有this week, these days 等时间词,这时常用现在进行时。
如:We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。
此时也常用现在进行时。
如:Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
3、现在分词的变化规则:(1)一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ingwork ---- workingsleep ----- sleepingstudy ----- studying(2)动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ingtake ----- takingmake ----- makingdance ----- dancing(3)重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ingcut ----- cuttingput ----- puttingbegin ------ beginning(4)以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-inglie ----- lyingtie ----- tyingdie ----- dying4、现在进行时的变化肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.一般疑问句:be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它little less leastfar farther further farthest furthestold older elder oldest eldest小贴士1:elder和eldest可用来表示兄弟和子女的长幼顺序:my elder sister 我的姐姐my eldest brother 我的大哥their eldest son他们的长子小贴士1:further表示“较远”外,还可表示“进一步的”;而farther 仅表示距离:The farther plants are too cold. 更远的行星太冷。
Do you need any further help? 你还需要更进一步的帮助吗?2. 双音节词除了以“辅音+y”结尾的词外,还有以ow, er, le结尾的词,和个别其他双音节词,可以用加词尾的办法构成比较级和最高级:原级比较级最高级narrow narrower narrowestclever cleverer cleverestsimple simpler simplestcommon commoner commonest3. 也有少数单音节词可以加more和most的办法构成比较级和最高级:原级比较级最高级pleased more pleased most pleasedtired more tired most tiredglad more glad most glad名词的复数形式英语里有一些名词的复数形式不是以词尾-s或-es构成,其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeys holiday---holidays比较:层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos;b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoesc. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a. 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;c. 均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
如people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。
如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b. news 是不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters 水域,fishes(各种)鱼动词变名词1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or:A. play _ player, sing _ singer, wait _ waiter , find _ finder,thrill _ thrillerB. write _ writer, drive _ driver, come _ comer, explore _ explorerdance _ dancerC. run _ runner, win _ winner, rob _ robber, traval _ travallerD. visit _ visitor, invent _ inventor2. 在词尾加ing:build _ building, draw _ drawing, end _ ending, begin _ beginning,swim _ swimming,skate _ skating, feel _ feeling, say _ saying,mean _ meaning, cross _ crossing,surf _ surfing, paint _ painting3.在词尾加ion 或去e加ion:A. decide _ decision, describe _ description, produce _ production, celebrate _ celebration,pronounce _ pronunciation, decorate _ decoration graduate _ graduation,frustrate - frustration,pollute _ pollutioncontribute _ contribution, congratulate _ congratulation,educate _ education,organize _ orgnization,donate _ donation, appreciate _ appreciation,operate _ operation, invite _ invitationB. discuss _ discussion, invent _ invention, attract _ attractionimpress _ impression,inject _ injection,instruct _ instruction4.其它:know _ knowledge, please _ pleasure, enjoy _ enjoyment,practise _ practice,die _ death, succeed _ success, weigh _ weight,sit _ deat, change _ chance,enter _ entrance,fly _ flight,rob _ robbery, discover _ discovery,faile _ failure,appear _ appearance, breathe _ breath。