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原因状语从句的用法

原因状语从句的用法原因状语从句表原因,以下逐一介绍高考中常见的原因状语从句的引导词:1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后, because表示直接原因,语气最强,最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。

例如: I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。

注意:“not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句,有时也否定主句例如: The country is not strong because it is large. 国强不在大。

I2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。

例如: Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息,你最好帮我补习数学。

注意: seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近,都表示“既然”。

例如: Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们,我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。

// Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了,就不应该依靠你的父母了。

// Considering (that) everyb ody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了,我们就开始讨论吧。

// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因为有病,他觉得做不了那件事。

注意:1. considering 和 given 还可用介词。

如:Considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说,这小孩读得挺好的。

Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子, 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。

2. 表示“因为”的连词不能与表示“所以”的 so 连用。

如:译:因为他病了,所以没有出席会议。

误:Because he was ill, so he didn’t attend the meeting.正:He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill.正:He was ill so he didn’t attend the meeting3. as 引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。

例如:As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨,你最好乘出租汽车。

// As you are tired, you had better rest.既然累了,你最好休息一下。

// I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早,因为我筋疲力尽了。

4. for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明, for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。

例如: He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我,因为我不在那里。

[考题1]____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as [答案] A[解析]主句与从句之间存在因果关系,且“you’ve got a chance”表示一个显而易见的原因,因此应选用表原因的now that。

[考题2] He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight wasbeginning to fail. (2006北京)A. andB. forC. butD. or [答案] B[解析]“his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因,因此本题应选用可以表示原因的连词for引导原因状语从句。

时间状语从句的用法时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同,要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系,以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。

1. when、 as、 while引导的时间状语从句分析:(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”, when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生,注意体会如下例句:I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。

// When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹,这门就吱嘎作响。

// He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了,其实他可能下一次就成功。

// When I came home my wife was cooking dinner.我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。

如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,而从句的谓语又是be动词时,那么从句中的主语和be可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。

例如: When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。

// When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候,我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。

(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行,用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词,例如: Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习,该玩的时候就玩。

// I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。

(3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时,一边……一边……”,侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作),或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。

例如: He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。

// I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。

// I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。

// As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。

[考题1] I had just steeped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps. (2006湖南)A. whileB. whenC. sinceD. after [答案] B[考题2] He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice cameto his ears. (2006辽宁)A. whyB. whereC. whenD. while [答案] C[考题3] We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.(2004北京春)A. whenB. whileC. untilD. before[答案] A[考题4]—I’m going to the post office.—____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps? (1999)A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If[答案] B[解析]主句中“get me some stamps”的动作发生在时间状语从句“you’re there”的过程之中,因此应选while表示这一时间关系(属于while引导时间状语从句的两大基本用法之一)。

注意: as有时也可用于表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的过程中,但这一用法不是as引导时间状语从句的主要用法,表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中时用while更为常见,因此B选项是最佳选项。

[考题5] ____ the days went on, the weather got worse. (1990)A. WithB. SinceC. WhileD. As [答案] D[解析]表示“the days went on”、“the weather got worse”两个相互伴随地进行变化的动作,应选as表示这一时间关系(while不适合用于这样的语境)。

[考题6] Tom ____ into the house when no one ____. (1992)A. slipped; was lookingB. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had lookedD. was slipping; looked[答案] A[解析]题干当中的when表示“当……的时候”, slip表示“偷偷地、悄悄地移动”,在本题中表示非延续性的动作——“溜进了教室”的结果,不适合用进行时态表示。

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