Unit 4 Cultural EncountersKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI.BII.1. T;2. F;3. T;4. T;5. T.III.1. “snail mail”.2. “an essential stepping stone on the road to success”.3. “the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society”.4. “the means to shape our views of the world”.5. “to negotiate the boundaries between languages and to compromise in translation”.6. “to use linguistic skills, to think differently, to enter into another culture’s mentality and to shape language accordingly”.IV.1. The age we are living provides us with convenient ways to reach any part of the world.2. It seems that everyone is able to always get in touch with anyone else if he or she can afford to.3. is the most important to society.4. This is a fundamental skill in today’s world, where different cultures interact.5. Lots of people are finding ways to interrelate different cultures.Structural analysis of the text1. The last sentence of the 3rd paragraph: “Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of society and one that we overlook at our peril.”2. Paragraph 4: The lack of an e xact counterpart of the English word “homesickness” in other languages such as Italian, Portuguese, and German.Paragraph 5: The problem of untranslatability which the early Bible translators encountered.Paragraph 6: English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the color spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range; The word “democracy” means completely different things in different contexts; the flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother’s Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word “bread” has to serve for both.VocabularyI. Phrase practice1. provided =as long as 假如，倘若need never be out of touch =can never fail to be reached 从不会失去联系2. regardless of =no matter 不管，不顾3. overlook at our peril =fail to notice at great risk 忽视……的危险或风险4. hovers somewhere in and around all those words =may be described by these words to varying degrees5. hit the problem of untranslatability head-on = were directly confronted with the problem that something in one language cannot be rendered into anotherII.1. stepping stone;2. at their peril;3. serve;4. mentality;5. staple;6. facilitating;7. messaging;8. hybrid.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. economy2. accessible3. fundamentally4. homesick5. negotiable6. adjusted7. remoteness8. complacentlyIV.1. D;2. C;3. A;4. D;5. B;6. A;7. B;8. C.V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. Synonym: time, era, epoch2. Synonym: meetings3. Synonym: basic, fundamental4. Antonym: misshape5. Synonym: unavoidably6. Synonym: worry, concern, anxiety7. Antonym: hide, concealVI. PrefixWrite in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined in the given word. 1. unbelievable 2. imperfect3. disagreement4. misplace5. malfunction6. enable7. surpass 8. submarineGrammarI. Complete the following sentences with the correct verb forms.1. helps2. hope; are enjoying; sunbathe; go; are going.3. is being.4. is typing5. am not eating.6. am reading7. are always leaving.8. go; belongs; wants; is using.9. is boiling.10. is putting; is rewiring; is building.II. Correct the errors.1. is passing → passes; is shooting → shoots.2. OK.3. are crying.4. OK.5. am knowing → know.6. am gathering → gather.7. work → am working.8. do → are; sneeze → sneezing.III.thank; are dispatching; regret; have; are contacting; hear; enclose/are enclosing; decide; have; are listed; regret; hope; enclose/are enclosing.IV.1. a. The speaker is complaining; b. The speaker gives a fact.2. a. am considering; b. have the opinion.3. a. It suggests a permanent nature; b. It suggests a temporary behaviour.4. a. is taking care of; b. have no objection to.5. a. am waiting for; b. believe.6. a. am waiting for; b. believe.V. Position of adjectivesRewrite the following descriptions putting the adjectives in the correct order.1. a large pair of red woolen socks2. a powerful new white German car3. a small rectangular grey Japanese radio4. a big modern concrete office building5. a medium size French stainless steel saucepan6. a superb medieval rose-shaped stained-glass window7. a prominent triangular red road sign8. a tiny black and white Chinese dogTranslationI.1．因此，你也许会问，为什么还有人会对这些绝妙的发展顾虑重重？为什么英语成为世界语言会让一部分人惴惴不安？2．不同的文化并不仅仅是给世界贴上不同标签的人群；语言给了我们塑造世界观的工具，而语言又是不一样的。