选词填空——专项练习Passage 1.Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three month of travel though Europe's had been aboard a couple of times, but I could hardly _____to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was ______ to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, ______ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up _______ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable ______. I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad _______. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even _______ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition _____. But ach time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a ______. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not, but I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can _______ wonders.Passage 2.To call something "marginal" means it is not very good. Farmers have their own wayto 47 marginal and: It is the last to be planted under good conditions, and has the 48 to be avoided under poor conditions. Low 49 soil is not the only reason land could be considered marginal. It might be in an area where rainfall is 50 or where a hillside might rise too steeply (陡峭地）.There are uses for marginal and, however. Most often it is used as grassland. Grasses provide excellent 51 for grazing(吃草）animals like cattle, sheep and goats. Grass seed can be boughtfrom a foreign supplier or 52 grasses can be used. However, using marginal and for grazing is not a simple issue. There is a 53 of overgrazing. Cattle can damage the crops by eating down to the roots. Also, the weight of the animals crushes the soil and can make it too hard for growing.A(n) 54 way to reduce the harm is to move animals from one field to another. This method is known as rotational grazing (循环放牧）which is extremely important for marginal land.Another use for marginal and is for tree crops. Studies have 55 that the white pine and loblolly pine(火炬松）are two kinds of trees that grow well on such land. They grow fast and provide good quality wood. Another tree is the poplar(白杨）,found in many parts of the world.Failure to take the care needed to protect marginal lands can make a bad situation worse.But good planning can 56 a marginal resource into a highly productive one.Passage 3.We feel that there are many disadvantages in arranging pupils into different classes. It is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total 47 . We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their48 ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in 49 ways. The pupils often work in groups, which gives them the 50 to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with 51 problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to 52 effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs or on 53 tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is 54. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their 55, and we give them every encouragement to 56 this goal.Passage4.Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the __47___ mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your_____48___. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye mov ement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are _____49__to our ability to learn and remember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology ____50__at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a built-in therapist,” says Cartwright. While we ____51_, dreams compare new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen him for 50 years. But the old and new images are ___52_related.” It’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients ___53__traumatic life events. In a new study of 30 recently divorced adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams ____54_a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and __55_____the divorce.” For therap ists, this finding will help ___56___whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.A.deal withB. physicallyC. wakeD. performanceE. unconsciouslyF. undergoingG. experience H. 0ver I. determine J. sleep K. department L. consciousM.presentation N. linked O. emotionallyPassage 5.In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or less extent, concepts of male superiority are hard to (47) ______.The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that (48) ______ more easily than did their parents and to prepare more (49) ______ for participation in a world characterized by (50) ______ rather than by "battle of the sexes".If the process goes too far and man's role is (51) ______ as less important and that has happened in some cases, we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to re-estimate the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of "Monism"(一元论)，but we don't want to exchange it for a "new-Monism". What we need, rather, is the (52) ______ that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and specialists in family are becoming more (53) ______ of the part men play. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is not important in home. We are beginning, however, to analyze a man's place in the home and to (54) ______ that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place (55) ______ to the healthy development of the child. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs towork out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authority has unhappy (56) ______, whether it wears skirts or trousers, the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is relative not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.A)cooperation B) insist C) consequences D) interpret E) fully F) equality G) maintain H) irrelevant I) considerable J) aware K) recognition L) regarded M) perfectlyN) transforms O) conservationPassage 6.More than forty women have been killed in the war in Iraq. Hundreds of others have been ___47___.The war began in March of 2003.Two___ 48___published books tell two different stories of women who served in Iraq. One is by Janis Karpinski. She was the Army general who ___49___military police at prisons in Iraq. These included the Army Reserve soldiers who ___ 50___ the Abu Ghraib Prison near Baghdad. Some have received prison ___51_for mistreating prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Miz Karpinski became the highest-level officer to be punished in connection with the ___ 52___.She left the service in July after being reduced from a brigadier general(准将) to a colonel(上校).Her book is called "One Woman's Army: The Commanding General of Abu Ghraib Tells Her Story." Miz Karpinski says she was unfairly blamed for conditions beyond her control. She also tells of her difficulties as a rising woman ___ 53___in the Army. Another former member of the Army, Kayla Williams, wrote a book called "Love My Rifle More Than You." The name is taken from a ___ 54___ song. Miz Williams was an Arabic translator in Iraq. She says her book describes what it is like to be young and ___ 55__ in the Army. One famous 56 called it "a frank, hocking and honest look at life in the military."A) abused B) female C) wounded D) officer E) treatments F) case G) commandedH) soldier I) reviewer J) recently K) marching L) simply M) guarded N) beautifulO) sentencePassage7.contained minerals, the carrying of the rock fragments and dissolved minerals to the ocean. And over the eons of time, the sea has grown ever more bitter with the salt of the continents.A. thick E. brightness I. salty M. wornB. darkness F. procedure J. immediately N. pouredC. composed G outlines K. process O. abundantD. continuously H. contained L. successivelyPassage8Man has become master of the earth's surface. He is (1) probing into the earth's depths and into the atmosphere's upper reaches, yet it is (2) whether man, with all of his intelligence and vigor, holds his planetary seat with greater assurance than a vast of small, many-legged animals that pass their lives at their feet--the spiders.Spider are among the (3) of science. They dwell at higher altitudes than any other (4) their size or larger. On the (5) of Mount Everest, at an altitude of twenty-two thousand feet-five thousand feet above the vegetation line--lives a species of black spider only a quarter of an inch long. This is an (6) environment for creatures so delicately constructed. To (7) themselves from the chill of night, they take (8) in crevices(缝隙) where the twenty-four-hour variation in temperature is only twelve degrees, as against forty-four on the outside.Spiders (9) other unlikely places--rabbit burrows(洞穴),flowers, anthills, and the desolate, drafty aeries of eagles. They have been found soaring through the air five miles above the earth. One species has been (10) in an American cavern more than two thousand feet underground.A incredible E. slopes I. discovered M. doubtfulB. creature F. inhabit J. permanently N. constantlyC. exposed G. defense K. marvels O. imaginableD. protect H. shelter L. prohibitPassage9Health food is a general term applied to all kinds of foods that are considered more healthful than the types of foods widely sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, fried beans and corn oil are health foods. A narrower (1) of health food is natural food. This term is used to (2) between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener,(3) refined sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives, is not. The most (4) term of all and the narrowest classification within health foods is organic food, used to (5) food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruit and vegetables that are grown in gardens, that are (6) only with organic fertilizers, that are not sprayed with (7) insecticides, and that are not refined after harvest, are organic foods. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are (8) only organically grown feed and that are not injected with hormones(荷尔蒙) are organic foods. In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed foods, or organic, unprocessed foods. A wise decision should (9) investigation of theallegations(宣称) that processed foods contain (10),some of which are proven to be toxic, and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed foods.A. describe E. chemicals I. classification M. samplesB. whereas F. precise J. when N. poisonousC. Vital G. shape K. fed O. dealtD. treated H. include L. distinguishPassage10The use of nuclear power has already spread all over the world. However, scientists still have not agreed on what should be done with the large amounts of waste material that keep increasing every year.Most waste materials are (1) of simply by placing them somewhere. But nuclear waste must be (2) with extremely great care. It gives off dangerous radiation and it will continue to be (3) for hundreds, thousands, even millions of years.How should we get rid of such waste material in such a way that it will not harm the (4) ? Where can we possibly (5) , distribute it? One idea is to put this radioactive waste inside a thick container, which is then dropped to the bottom of the ocean. But some scientists believe that this way of (6) nuclear waste could kill fish and other living things in the oceans or (7) with their growth. Another way to (8) with nuclear waste is to send it into space, to the sun, where it would be burned. Other scientists suggest that this polluting material should be (9) thousands of meters under the earth's surface. Such underground areas must be (10) of possible earthquakes. Advances are being made. But it may still be many years before this problem could be finally settled.A. free E. deadly I. remove M. environmentB. interfere F. safely J. deal N. disturbC. residence G. buried K. disposed O. unfavorableD. handled H. scattering L. discardingPassage11Each human being is born as something new, something that never existed before. He is born with what he needs to win at life. Each person in his own (1) can see, hear, touch, taste, and think for himself. Each have (2) to be a significant, thinking, aware, and creativly (3) person in his own right--a winner.The words "winner" and "loser" have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who (4) the other guy by winning over him and making him lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being (5),trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as a(n) (6) and as a member of society.A loser is one who (7) to respond authentically. Martin Buber (8) his idea as he retells an old story of a rabbi who on his death bed sees himself as a loser. The rabbi laments that, in the world to come, he will not be asked why he wasn't Moses; he will be asked why he wasn't himself.A. succeeds E. productive I. way M. caseB. individual F. chances J. credible N. failsC. rejects G. beats K. expresses O. controversialD. potential H. intellectual L. matterPassage12According to the dictionary definition of "create", ordinary people are creative every day. To create means "to bring into being, to cause to exist"--something each of us does (1).We are (2) whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves a(n) (3) of our surroundings. It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world. This may be as (4) as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to (5) things that others might miss.A second part of creativity is an ability to see (6) among things. If we believe the expression," There is nothing new under the sun," the creativity is remarking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more (7) way to study or a better way to (8) our furniture.A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to (9) them to achieve some new results. To think up a new (10) is one thing; to put the idea to work is another. These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day-to-day activities.A. notice E. concept I. creative M. awarenessB. normally F. apply J. daily N. incredibleC. effective G. relationships K. occurrence O. arrangeD. adapt H. dispose L. simplePassage13As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body, but stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often (1) to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide (2) and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of (3) that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. The amount of stress a person can (4) depends very much on the individual.Some people are afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first (5) of unusual difficulties. When (6) to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and (7).In fact we make choice between "fight" and "flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life and death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so (8), but however little the stress, itinvolves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes (9).Since we cannot (10) stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.A. exposed E. motivation I. integrate M. physiologicallyB. difficult F. temptation J. mentally N. signsC. withstand G. control K. extreme O. endangeredD. proposed H. supposed L. removePassage14Children model themselves largely on their parents. They do so mainly through identification. Children (1) with a parent when they believe they have the qualities and feeling that are (2) of that parent. The things parents do and say--and the way they do and say them--therefore strongly influence a child's (3).A parent's actions also affect the self-image that a child forms through identification. Children who see (4) positive qualities in their parents will likely learn to see themselves in a positive way. Children who observe chiefly (5) qualities in their parents will have difficulty seeing positive qualities in themselves. Children may (6) their self-image, however, as they become increasingly influence by peers.Isolated events, even dramatic ones, do not (7) have a permanent effect on a child's behavior. Children (8) such events according to their (9) attitudes and previous training. Children who know they are loved can, for example, accept the divorce of their parents or a parent's early death. But if children feel unloved, they may interpret such events as a (10) of rejection or punishment.In the same way, not all children are influenced by toys and games, reading matter, and television programs. As in the case of a dramatic change in the family relations, the effect of an activity or experience depends on how the child interprets it.A. react E. sign I. necessarily M. especiallyB. negative F. modify J. established N. mainlyC. complex G. characteristic K. identify O.i nformedD. interpret H. sigh L. behaviorPassage15Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated in March 4, 1801.He was the first President to take the oath of office in the nation's (1) capital, Washington D.C. Although Washington was a new city it was already (2) to President Jefferson. In fact, Jefferson had helped plan the capital's streets and public buildings. Besides being a city planner and (3), the new President was a writer, a scientist, and the inventor of several gadgets and tools.After his inauguration, Jefferson moved into the Presidential Palace. The Palace was more than a home; it (4) offices for the President and some of his staff and advisors. It also included dining and reception rooms, where the President could (5) congressmen. However, President Jefferson did not give many (6) parties. This was partly because there was no First Lady; Jefferson's wife had died in the 1782.But it was also because there was no son liked to live in a simple (7).Once,he (8) up for an important meeting wearing old clothes and down-at-the-heels slippers! Neither Washington nor Adams would ever have dress so (9)Jefferson was different from the first two Presidents in other ways ,too. He (10) with them about how the country should be run, and about what part a President should play in running it.A. custom E. naturally I. sustain M. familiarB. showed F. formal J. casually N. architectC . permanent G. disagreed K. contained O. consentedD. entertain H. fashion L. occasionalPassage16Many years ago in Labuan there were only two people who were from Europe, the Citizen and the Medical officer, and both had been made magistrates--officials who acted as (1) in the lowest courts, having the power to (2) wrong-doers. It happened that they did not like each other, but had to work together.One day they went on their bicycles to carry out a(n) (3) and returned to the main village after dark. A policeman, who did not (4) them at first, stopped them for (5) bicycles without lights. The next day, the (6)came before the court with the Citizen as the judge. The doctor said that he was wrong and the Citizen, saying that he had to give the wrong-doer a(n) (7) but did not consider the matter (8) since such a case was the first of its kind in Labuan, and fined the doctor fifty cents. The doctor then took the Citizen's (9) as Magistrate. Instead of doing the same as the Citizen had done, he looked very serious and said ,"This sort of thing is getting too (10).Why, this is the second case to come before the court this morning! I feel that I must make an example. Fine $10."That was the fine the Citizen had to pay.A. difficult E. serious I. recognize M. renderingB. sentence F. judges J. inspection N. caseC. criticize G. situation K. place O. instructionPassage17Everybody dances. If you have ever swerved to avoid stepping on a crack in the sidewalk, you have danced. If you ever (1) to pray, you have danced. For these actions have figured importantly in the history of dance. Dance goes back to the beginning of (2) -to the tribe-where natives danced to get what they wanted. Primitive dance was above all (3), not the social dancing we know today. Natives approached dance with great (4) as a way to help the tribe in the crucial process of survival. Dance was believed to be the most direct way to repel locusts, to cause rain to fall, to (5) that a male heir would be born, and to guarantee victory in a forthcoming battle.Primitive dance was generally done by many people moving in the same (6) and direction. Since all dances had leaders, solo dances were (7). Much use was made of every part of the body.And so (8) were these tribe dances that, if a native should miss a single step, he would be put to death on the (9).Fortunately, the same rigid rules that governed the lives of these people do not (10) in the more relaxed setting of today's dance.A. insure E. spot I. kneeled M. practicalB. boring F. bent J. assure N. solemnC. manner G. seriousness K. civilization O. religionD. apply H. rare L. meansPassage18Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those (1) birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is how I became an animal collector in the first (2).The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any (3) was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy”, but the word “zoo”, which I wou ld repeat over and over again with a (4) voice until someone, in order to (5) me up, would take me to the zoo. When I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great number of pets, and I spent my all spare time (6) the countryside in search of fresh specimens to add to my collection of pets. Later on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student (7), to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, and ostriches, which were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I (8) had enough money of my own to be able to (9) my first trip and I have been going (10) ever since then. Though a collector’s job i s not an easy one and is full of disappointments, it is certainly a job which will appeal to all those who love animals and travel.A. provide E. shut I. exploring M. aideB. place F. fascinating J. shrill N. cultivatingC. finance G. subsequently K. regularly O. successfullyD. region H. clarity L. logicalPassage19Australians are very direct people and usually mean what they say. When they (01) an invitationto somebody they are not just being polite and if that person accepts the invitation, he is expected to (02).In some cultures it is not polite to say no. This is not the (03) in Australia. If a person is invited to do something and is (04) to do it, a "no" answer should be given; otherwise the person who has issued the invitation will be greatly (05).Punctuality is also expected when an invitation is accepted. If a person is invited to be at a (06) place at a specified time, especially if there is a meal (07), that person is expected to arrive on time. One of the reasons for this is that western-type Australia food, such as a roast dinner, must be served eaten as soon as it is cooked, and if a person arrives late the food will be (08).Australia always issue informal invitations. They will give a person their name, address and telephone number and say, "Why don't you come and see me sometime when you are free?" This is not just a polite (09);it is a(n) (10) invitation and the Australian who has issued the invitationwill be disappointed and even offended if that person does not contact.A. unable E. propose I. requested M. comeB. behavior F. offended J. expression N. spoiledC. Turn G. issue K. genuine O. convenientD. case H. particular L. involvedPassage20When Roberto Feliz came to the USA from the Dominican Republic, he knew only a few words of English. Education soon became a (01) ."It couldn't understand anything,” he said. He (02) from his teachers, came home in tears, and thought about dropping out.Then Mrs. Malave, a bilingual educator, began to work with him while teaching him math and science in his (03) Spanish."She helped me stay smart while teaching me English," he said. Given the chance to demonstrate him ability, he (04) confidence and began to succeed in school.Today, he is a (05) doctor, runs his own clinic, and works with several hospitals. Every day, he uses the language and academic skills he (06) through bilingual education to treat his patients. Roberto's story is just one of (07) success stories. Research has shown that bilingual education is the most (08) way both to teach children English and ensure that they succeed academically. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students (09) outperform their peers in monolingual programs. Calexico, Calif, implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and collage (10) rates of more than 90%. GIn El Paso, bilingual education programs have helped raise student scores from the lowest in Texas to among the highest in the nation.A. wonder E. nightmare I. hid M. recalledB. acquired F. native J. prominent N. breakthroughC. consistently G. acceptance K. decent O. automaticallyD. regained H. effective L. countless。