五选一：1.“ Materials science ” involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, “Materials engineering ”is, on the basis of these structure-property correlations ,designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties.材料科学涉及材料到研究材料的结构和性质的关系。
相反，材料工程是根据材料的结构和性质的关系来设计或操纵材料的结构以求制造出一系列可预定的性质。
2. Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic ,optical, and deteriorative.实际上，所有固体材料的重要性质可以概括分为六类：机械、电学、热学、磁学、光学和腐蚀性。
3.In addition to structure and properties, two other important components are involved in the science and engineering of materials ,namely ” processing ”and” performance”.除结构与特征外，材料科学与工程还包括另外两项重要的研究内容，即（材料的）加工与性能。
4.The more familiar an engineer or scientist is with the various characteristics and structure-property relationships ,as well as processing techniques of materials, the more proficient and confident he or she will be to make judicious materials choices based on these criteria.工程师与科学家越熟悉材料的各种性质、结构、功能之间的关系以及材料的加工技术，根据以上的几个原则，他或她对材料的明智选择将越来越熟练和精确。
5.On only rare occasion does a material possess the maximum or ideal combination of properties. Thus ,it may be necessary to trade off one characteristic for another.只有在少数情况下材料才具有最优或理想的综合性质，因此，有必要对材料的性质进行平衡。
四选一：1.直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。
It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to understand the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties .2.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。
Material engineering mainly to solve the problem and create material application.3.材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。
Materials processing process is not only to de structure and decided that the material characteristic and performance.4.材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的形变有关。
Material mechanical properties with the extemal force or in de deformation of the load.四选一：1．金属元素有许多有利电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。
Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons，many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.2．许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。
Many of polymers are organic compounds,and they have very large molecular structures.3．半导体材料的典型特征介于导体材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之间。
Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors ( viz. metals and metal alloys ) and insulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ).4．生物材料不能产生毒性，并且不许与人体组织互相兼容。
Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues.四选一：1.An object will float in water if its density is less than the density of water and sink if itsdensity is greater that that of water. Similarly , an object with specific gravity less than one will float and those with a specific gravity greater than one will sink. 一个物体的密度比水小时，它会浮在水上，比水大时，它会下沉。
类似的，当一个物体的比重小于一，它就会上浮，比重大于一，它就会下沉。
2.Materials that cause the lines of flux to move farther apart , resulting in a decrease inmagnetic flux density compared with a vacuum , are called diamagnetic . Materials that concentrate magnetic flux by a factor of more than one but less than or equal to ten are called paramagnetic ; materials that concentrate the flux by a factor of more than ten are called ferromagnetic 反磁性体是一类会引起磁力线疏离导致磁通量比真空低的材料。
顺磁性体是会引起磁力线密度成倍增加，倍率系数大于1，小于等于10的材料。
铁磁性体是磁力线密度增加倍率超过10的材料。
.3.Certain ferromagnetic materials , especially powdered or laminated iron , steel , or nickelalloys , have μr that can range up to about 10000000. Diamagnetic materials have μr less than one , but no known substance has relative permeability much less than one.一些铁磁性材料，尤其是粉末状或层压状的铁、不锈钢或镍基合金的相对磁导率μr可达1000000,。
反磁性材料的相对磁导率μr小于1.已知材料中尚未发现相对磁导率比1小很多的。
4.When a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic core is inserted into a coil , the inductance ismultiplied by μr compared with the inductance of the same coil with an air core.当先圈内插入一个顺磁性体或铁磁性体芯，其电感是空气芯的相同线圈电感的μr倍。
四选一：1.化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。
Physicalproperties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. 2.相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。
Phase is a physicalproperty of matter and matter can exist in four phases : solid , liquid , gas and plasma .3.当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子任然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。
Instead , at some temperature below the melting point , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains , which results in a soft and pliable material.4.在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值表示。