航空常用英语词语A.1 航空器及其系统（aircraft and its system）A.1.1 航空器框架（aircraft structure）airframe机身flight deck驾驶舱wheel well轮舱front (fore) part前部rear (aft) part后部port左舷（舵）starboard右舷（舵）inboard engine or inboards内侧发动机outboard engine or outboards外侧发动机nose机头belly机腹skin蒙皮outer shell外壳rib翼肋spar翼梁stringer桁条windscreen or windshield风挡wing机翼trailing edge机翼后缘leading edge机翼前缘wing tip翼尖control surface操纵面ailerons副翼flaps (inboard flap, outboard flap, leading edge flaps)襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）spoilers (inboard\outboard spoiler) (spoiler down\up)阻力板，扰流板（、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）airbrakes减速板（阻流板）slats缝翼elevators (elevator control tab)升降舵（升降舵操纵片）rudder (rudder control tab)方向舵（方向舵操纵片）flap angle襟翼角flap setting襟翼设定full flap position全襟翼位置flapless landing无襟翼着陆landing gear起落架stabilizer安定面nose wheel起落架前轮gear locked起落架锁定wheel well起落架舱wheel door起落架舱门tyre轮胎burst爆破deflated tyre瘪胎flat tyre漏胎puncture轮胎被扎破extend the flaps (retract the flaps)放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extend the gear (retract the gear)放下起落架（收上起落架）gear extension (gear retraction)放轮（收轮）the gear is jammed起落架被卡阻the flaps are jammed襟翼被卡阻emergency extension system应急放下系统crank the gear down摇动放下起落架brakes刹车disc brakes盘式制动器an anti-skid device防滞装置an arresting gear拦阻装置thrust reverser反推装置tail parachute尾伞the brakes are unreliable刹车不可靠braking action is poor刹车状况不好brake wear刹车磨损overheat超温（过热）slow down减慢（速度）bring the plane to a stop使飞机停下passenger cabin客舱floor地板ceiling顶棚（板）galley机上厨房toilet厕所lounge休息室partition隔墙interior fittings机上用具oxygen mask氧气面罩cargo-hold货舱A.1.2动力系统（powerplant system）nacelle (cowl）引擎短舱spinnner螺旋桨整流罩pod发动机吊舱air inlet or intake进气道bird, water ingestion发动机吸进了鸟、水foreign object damage外来物损伤fan风扇windmill风车rotor转子fan blades风扇叶片propeller螺旋桨propeller blade桨叶propulsor推进器reduction gearbox减速器LP and HP compressors低压和高压压缩机annular combustor环行燃烧室multiple-can combustor管型燃烧室can-annular combustor管环燃烧室reverse-flow annular combustor回流式环行燃烧室turbocharger涡轮增压器turbine wheel涡轮导向器supercharger增压器compressor blades压缩机叶片nozzles尾喷管（嘴），排气管cylinder气缸crankshaft曲轴exhaust section排气部分engine setting发动机设置RPM (revolution per minute)转速（转每分）set the engine to idle慢车位give full throttle (or power) to the engine全油门（功率）throttle up the engine加油门throttle down (or back) the engine收油门engineering trouble机械故障engine failure发动机失效the engine runs rough发动机工作不稳定the engine runs smoothly发动机工作稳定vibration抖动the engine is low on power马力小low rumble发动机发出低沉的响声loud bangs发动机放炮engine surge发动机喘振engine shutdown停车engine flame out发动机熄火exhaust duct and tail cone排气道和尾锥engine feathered顺桨A.1.3航空器系统（aircraft system）A.1.3.1燃油系统（fuelsystem）fuel system燃油系统fuel tanks燃油箱vent通气孔fuel hydrant加油栓fuel lines燃油管路fuel pump燃油泵fuelfilter油滤joints接头dump valves放油阀fuel shut-off levers燃油油路切断操纵杆fuel flow indicators燃油流量表low fuel pressure warning lights燃油油压过低警告灯A.1.3.2滑油系统（oilsystem）lubricant润滑剂lubrication润滑oil lines滑油管路oil pressure indicators滑油压力表oil temperature indicator滑油温度表oil cooler滑油散热器A.1.3.3液压系统（hydraulicsystem）hydraulic lines液压管路hydraulic actuator液压作动筒hydraulic pump液压泵pressure control valves压力控制阀pressure sensors压力传感器relief valves释压阀flow control valves流量控制阀(actuating) jacks千斤顶seals密封圈A.1.4 驾驶舱（cockpit）A.1.4.1操纵系统（controlsystem）flight control system飞行操纵系统flight management computer system飞行管理计算机系统boosted controls助力操纵系统manual controls人工操纵系统levers/stick/column杆control column操纵杆control panel控制板captain’s panel机长仪表板glare shield panel防眩板center console中央操纵台handles操纵手柄knobs按钮或旋钮switchers开关thrust levers油门cranks曲柄（摇把）control stand操纵台rudder bar方向舵连杆elevator controls升降舵操纵系统flap controls襟翼操纵系统autopilot controls自动驾驶操纵系统autothrottle system自动油门系统instrument landing system仪表着陆系统microwave landing system微波着陆系统hand－operated control人工驾驶brake control unit制动控制单元steering wheel方向盘（前轮）A.1.4.2航空器仪表（aircraft instrument）gauge仪表primary display system主显示系统electronic instrument system电子仪表系统systems monitoring instruments系统监控仪表indicator指示器（仪表）flight director飞行指引仪engine indicator发动机仪表accelerometer加速度计aneroid barometer膜盒气压计metre(dial)表盘（刻度盘）instrument panel仪表板audio control panel音频控制面板overhead panel顶部仪表板flight engineer’s panel随机工程师仪表板radio management panel无线电管理面板flight navigation control panel导航控制面板flight data interface unit飞行数据接口digital flight data recording system数字式飞行数据记录系统engine vibration monitoring unit发动机振动监控系统weight and balance system装载与配平系统altimeter高度表radio altimeter无线电高度表airspeed indicator空速表automatic direction finder自动定向仪turn and bank indicator转弯侧滑仪attitude director indicator姿态指示仪horizontal situation indicator水平位置指示器set the altimeter高度表拨正vertical speed indicator升降速度表(gyro) horizon陀螺地平仪directional gyro陀螺方向仪A.1.5 航空器动作（aircraft maneouvre）pitch俯仰roll横滚yaw偏转bank the aircraft压坡度lift off抬（提）起pitch up the aircraft (to nose up)抬机头pitch down the aircraft (to nose down)推机头down向下dive俯冲climb steeply大角度爬升corrective action修正动作level off改平stall失速recover from stall从失速中改出cut back decrease收油门spin螺旋sharp turn急转弯wide turn小坡度转弯slipping turn内侧滑转弯skidding turn外侧滑转弯A.2 气象（meteorology）A.2.1云（cloud）ceiling云底高cloud layer云层cumulonimbus积雨云towering cumulonimbus塔状积雨云altocumulus高积云nimbostratus雨层云altostratus高层云cirrocumulus卷积云cirrostratus卷层云cirrus卷云funnel cloud漏斗云stratocumulus层积云stratus层云vertebratus脊状云capillatus鬃状solid clouds浓厚的云scattered clouds疏云ragged clouds破碎的云（残云）mackerel sky鳞状云breaks in overcast阴间多云few少云scattered疏云broken裂开云，多云overcast (continuous)满天云on top在云上below cloud在云下between layers在云层间In cloud在云中In and out of cloud断续云中cloud is building up云在增加cloud is clearing up云在消散A.2.2 能见度（visibility）sky clear晴空sky obscured天空不明sand storm沙暴Mist轻雾Haze霾Brume雾, 霭Smoke烟Smog烟雾light fog轻雾dense fog浓雾freezing fog冻雾drifting fog吹雾，平流雾fog dispersal in progress雾在消失fog is coming down正在起雾fog is clearing up雾在消散fog is getting worse雾越来越浓A.2.3 风（wind）wind风surface wind地面风wind aloft高空风tailwind顺风headwind顶风crosswind侧风wind-gauge风向风速仪the wind-sock风向袋wind calm无风（静风）light wind微风moderate wind中速风strong wind强风variable wind风向不稳定steady wind稳定风gust阵风wind shift风向转变wind shear风切变gusts up to 8 m/s阵风达8 m/slull风停gale一阵大风storm风暴eddy, a whirl wind旋风vortex(vortices)涡流wind W veering NW风由西向西北转wind W backing SW风由西转向西南the wind is shifting风在转向the wind is rising起风the wind is abating风在减小the wind is getting stronger风越来越大A.2.4 颠簸（turbulence）clear air turbulence晴空颠簸moderate turbulence中度颠簸severe turbulence严重颠簸smooth平稳的bumpy , turbulent颠簸的be tossed , buffeted受气流（或涡流）影响而使摇摆updraught上升气流downdraught下降气流jet stream高空急流A.2.5 降水（precipitation）light rain小雨heavy rain大雨intermittent rain间歇性雨continuous rain连续性降水bright periods雨停天晴期间occasional showers偶尔下阵雨passing showers正在通过的阵雨scattered showers零零散散的阵雨torrential rain, downpour暴雨waterspout水龙卷drizzle毛毛雨freezing rain冻雨sleet雨夹雪squall飑（线）hurricane飓风tornado龙卷风thunderstorm雷暴flash of lightning闪电光lightning闪电hail冰雹hailstorm雹暴soft hail 软雹snow雪snowstorm雪暴snowflake鹅毛大雪snow shower阵雪snow gust突然一阵大雪icing结冰ice冰sheet of ice一层冰rime白霜，雾淞A.2.6 温度（temperature）surface temperature地面温度outside air temperature外界温度，大气温度dewpoint露点温度the temperature rise温度上升the temperature drop温度下降the temperature is rising温度在上升the temperature is falling温度在下降the temperature is steady温度稳定freezing level冻冰点温度，结冰层，（指结冰层的下限）A.2.7 跑道道面状况（runway surfacecondition）loose snow软雪firm snow实雪compacted snow压实的雪melting snow在化的雪slush雪水（或半化的雪）snow drift雪堆snowplough扫雪车snow clearance雪清除the north taxiway is snowbound北滑行道被雪封住了the runway is wet跑道湿the runway is icy跑道上有结冰the runway is slippery跑道滑pools of water跑道积水ice patches冰块（指跑道上结成的一块块的冰）glazed frost(clear ice)明冰hoar frost白霜braking action is poor刹车效应差braking action is medium刹车效应中braking action is good刹车效应好A.3 机场车辆与设备（airport vehicle and equipment）servicing truck地面特种车辆airport passenger bus/ferry摆渡车tug/towing tractor拖车tow bar拖把ground power unit地面电源车catering truck食品车（配餐车）ground air preconditioning unit地面空调车water service truck供水车galley service truck餐车dolly平台车tractor牵引车fork lift truck叉车fire truck救火车ambulance救护车crash tender事故处理车wheelbarrow独轮手推车air steps机载客梯snow plough犁雪车ramp vehicle机坪车辆security van保安运货车ice-melter除冰车coach大客车refueller加油车hydrant dispenser管线加油车runway snow blower吹雪车sweeper清扫车A.4 地面相关服务（relevant ground service）rubber removal清除橡胶scrub洗涤，擦洗conveyor输送带passenger gate登机口terminal候机楼ground handling地勤cargo door sill货舱门基座pallet平板架，托板chute行李滑运道jetway廊桥（美）air bridge/loading bridge廊桥（英）pier候机楼登机走廊stairway扶梯apron/ramp客/停机坪hangar机库customs海关blast fences防吹墙loadsheet舱单customs clearance海关验放air waybill航空运货单safety services安全服务windshield wiper风挡刮水器（美）windscreen wiper风挡刮水器（英）deplane下飞机，从飞机上卸下（美）disembark/unload下飞机，从飞机上卸下（英）Enplane登机（美）embark/board登机（英）ground radar地面雷达。