大学英语(全新版)第四册电子教案Unit Four The Multicultural SocietyI. Teaching objectivesStudents will be able to:1.grasp the main idea( Man changes nature in order to live.However, man must also be careful not to disregard the law of nature.) and structure of the text ( A comparison-and-contrast analysis of the two invasions);2.practice their critical thinking ability through in-depthdiscussions in issues mentioned in the text;3.master key language points and grammatical structures in thetext;4.conduct a series of reading, listening , speaking and writingactivities related to the theme of the unit.II. Text AnalysisPeople tend to worship things printed in black and white. Yet we would like to cultivate in our students the ability to think critically. They should understand that not everything they read is true. At the same time they need to be able to , and they should be able to, justify their disbelief.Take Question 1 in the after-text Points for discussion forexample. Is Euro-centeredness really phasing out ? The economic and political power still rests with the whites, not the Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanics , or Native Americans. Has white mainstream America really given up on policing the world? The 9/11/2001 event was tragic and should not have happened, but it does show that there are groups strong opposed to what they see as the interference of America and the West in affairs beyond their borders.Let’s look at Question 2. According to the author, Los Angeles is a symbol of the future. Yet he hadn’t anticipated the Los Angeles riots of 1992. (The essay was written before they took place.) During the riots, African Americans attacked Asian Americans, especially Korean Americans. Can the Los Angeles of 1992 stand for racial harmony?Now Question 3. Many Westerners, idea of the non- Western world is dated. However , nowadays the non-Western world, especially Asia, is developing at a rapid pace. People here have acquired quite a strong sense of time. A good case in point: if you observe the subway patrons in Hong Kong, Tokyo or Shanghai, they walk as fast as commuters in major cities in the West.In a word, our students must realize that there are alwaysdifferent perspectives.II. Cultural Notes:IV. Language Study1.in decline/ on the declinelosing strength; declining 衰落中；衰退中e.g. He is still one of the world's most popular tennis players,but his game is in decline.Home cooking seems to be on the /in decline.现在在家做饭的人似乎越来越少了.She seemed to be recovering after taking some medicinesbut after a while her health was again in decline.2.debtn. 欠款；负债e.g. He had enough money to pay off his father's debts.He ran/ got into debt after he lost his job.失业后他歉了不少债.3.dropout: n. person who withdraws from conventional societyor school逃避现实社会的人; 中途退学者e.g. a high school/ college dropout 中学/大学辍学者He was a loner and a dropout. 他是个不和群,逃避现实的人.4.characteristicn. special mark or quality 特点，特征，特性e.g. Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.5.dynamism: n. power , energy 活力; 精力e.g. She keeps a freshness and dynamism about her whileothers grow stale.当其他人变得无精打采时,她还保持着饱满的精神和充沛的活力.Ever since it adopted the reform and open up policy, China has shown to the outside world that it is full of dynamism.中国自实行改革开放以来,已经向世界表明这个国家充满活力.6.paralyzevt. make ineffective; make (sb.) lose the ability to move part or all of the body 使失去功能；使瘫痪e.g. He had a minor stroke in 1987, which left him partlyparalyzed.The drug paralyzes the nerves so that there is no feeling or movement in the leg.那种药会麻痹神经,所以腿没有感觉,也不能动.A sudden snowstorm paralyzed the city.突来的暴风雪使整个城市陷入瘫痪.7. thesisn. (pl theses) 论题，论点；论文, 毕业（或学位）论文e.g. Their main thesis is that inflation is caused by increase inthe money supply.8. precedentn. earlier happening, decision, etc. taken as an example or rule for what comes later 先例；惯例e.g. The trial could set an important precedent for dealingwith large numbers of similar cases.There are several precedents for promoting people whodon’t have formal qualifications.以前有过几起让没有受过正规教育的人升职的先例.Some politicians fear that agreeing to the concessionwould set a dangerous precedent.有些政治家担心,做出让步会开创一个危险的先例.9. have a/ the sense thatfeel/ believe/ realize that 感到；意识到e.g. As soon as we had the sense that something was wrong,we moved the children away.Although she said nothing , I had the sense that she wasannoyed.尽管她没开口,但我能感到她的不快.He had a sense that his guests were bored, though they were listening politely.10.u nprecedented : a. without precedent; never done or knowbefore 无前例的; 空前的e.g. This century has witnessed environmental destruction onan unprecedented scale.本世纪人们对环境的破坏史无前例.In an unprecedented step, Walt Disney has the scene cut from the film.华特.迪斯尼让人把那个镜头从影片中删去了,他以前从未这么做过.11.p luralism: n. a condition of society in which numerousdistinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist within one nation 多元主义; 多元文化e.g. After years of state control, the country is now movingtowards political /religious/cultural pluralism.在国家集权统治了多年之后,现在这个国家正向政治/宗教/文化多元化发展.They are committed to democracy, human rights and pluralism.他们决心为民主, 人权和多元化而奋斗.12.leave behindcause (sth.) to remain; fail or forget to bring or take 留下，遗留；未能（或忘记）带e.g. I am afraid we'll have to leave the dog behind at home.I arrived at the meeting to find I’d left my notes behind.13.mentalityn. characteristic attitude of mind; way of thinking 心理状态；思想方法e.g. Can you understand the mentality of someone who likesto watch animals fighting each other?He hopes that closer links between Britain and the rest ofEurope will change the British mentality towardsforeigners.他希望加强英国给其他欧洲国家之间的联系能改变英国人对外国人的看法.14.p lural : a. concerning, or made up more than one kind of,person or thing多元的, 多种的; 复数的e.g. We need to recognize that we are now living in a plural society.我们应该认识到我们现在生活在一个多元的社会里.Very few countries allow people to have plural citizenship.没有几个国家允许国民拥有多重国籍.15.c omposition : n. the way in which something is made , esp.in terms of different parts构成; 组成部分e.g. There were dramatic changes in the composition of the committee after the election.选举后委员会的构成有了重大改变.He’s doing research into the chemical composition.他正在研究植物的化学成分.16.i mmigrantn. a person who moves as a settler to another country 移民e.g. Historically, the United States has attracted vast numbersof immigrants from around the globe.It was estimated that more than 11 out of every 20 NewYorkers were immigrants or the children of immigrants.17.l andscape: v. improve the aesthetic appearance of ( a piece ofland) by planting trees and shrubs, etc. 对(土地)作景观美化e.g. It will take us several months to landscape the garden.The slagheap is still an eyesore after it had beenlandscaped.那座矿渣堆虽已经过外观处理, 但还是不顺眼.18.u ltra- 常与形容词结合构成新词,说明原词描述的品质超过平常, 极度. 例如, 说某人ultra-intelligent, 表示这人极聪明; 说某人后某物ultra-modern, 表示他们时常时髦或新潮; 说某种材料ultra-light, 表示那是超轻的.19.e xploitation: n. selfish use; use for one’s own benefit 剥削;利用e.g. Britain’s exploitation of its natural gas reserves began after the Second World War.英国对天然气资源的利用始于二战后.20.u nder-的构词能力比较强, 能与动词,名词, 过去分词结合构成新词, 表示某物不足后做的事在数量,质量上未达到预定的要求.e.g. 1) underestimate 低估, 看轻2)The hospital are under-financed. 这医院资金匮乏.3)He was an under-grown boys, thin, with a long paleface.他是个发育不健全的男孩,身材瘦长, 张着一张瘦长,苍白的脸.under- 也可与表示职业, 工作的名词结合, 表示人在级别,地位上低于他人.e.g. undergraduate 本科生; under-secretary 副部长21.c onstructivea. having a useful purpose; helpful 建设性的；有裨益的e.g. Criticism is welcome only when it is constructivecriticism.After their meeting, both sides described the talks asfrank, friendly and constructive.22.c ooperationn. working or acting together for a common purpose 合作；协作e.g. The mission of the United Nations is to maintain worldpeace, develop good relations between countries, promote cooperation in solving the world's problems, and encourage respect for human rightsThe European Union is an organization dedicated to economic cooperation among European nations.23.c onceptionn. idea about what sth. is like or understanding of sth.;process in which sb. forms a plan or idea 观念，概念；构想e.g. Their conception of love seems to be very different fromour own.I had no conception of the finished product.The symphony is admirable in conception.24.destructivea. causing destruction 毁灭（性）的；破坏（性）的e.g. Technology can be conceived as both a creative and adestructive process.The strong El Nino which occurred between 1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more than a century.I worry about the destructive effect that violent filmsmay have on children.我很担心暴利影片可能对孩子产生毁灭性的影响. 25.s how upput in an appearance; be present 出现；出席e.g. If I don't show up for class this morning, I'll be kickedout.I invited him for eight o’clock, but he didn’t show up until nine-thirty.我请他八点来,可他直到九点才出现.We were expecting thirty people to come, but half of them never showed up.26.offendvt. hurt the feelings of; give offence to 伤…的情感；得罪e.g. Richard was deeply offended that people thought he'dfaked the story.He apologized for his comments and said he had nointention of offending the professor.I think she was a bit offended that she hadn’t beeninvited to the party.她没有收到宴会的邀请,我觉得她有些不高兴.He looked a bit offended when you called himmiddle-aged.你把他称为中年人,他有些不快.27.i n the ... senseas far as ... is concerned 在…意义上e.g. In the environmental sense, your plan to build a chemicalfactory is a disaster, whatever the economic benefits may seem to be.In the academic sense , this article is not well written.Security defined in the board sense of the term meansgetting at the root causes of trouble and helping to reduceregional conflict.从广义上说,安全意味着找出动乱的根本原因,减少地区冲突.28.m osaic: n. picture or pattern that is made by fitting togetherdifferently colored bits of stone, etc. 镶嵌画, 镶嵌图案;镶嵌画般的东西e.g. a beautiful 10th century mosaic 一幅十世纪的漂亮镶嵌画The country is now a cultural and social mosaic due to the influx of several different ethnic groups.因为有来自不同民族的移民,这个国家现在成了一个文化和社会大熔炉.29.f rom the perspective offrom the viewpoint of 从…的观点来看e.g. From the perspective of women, the article is well worthreading.The novel Harry Potter is written from the perspective of a child.His father’s death gave him a new perspective of a child.父亲的死使他对生命有了全新的看法.30.religionn. 宗教信仰；宗教e.g. Philosophy comprised all areas of speculative thoughtand included the arts, science, and religion.31.submergev. (cause to) go under the surface of water; cover or completely hide（使）沉没；淹没；遮盖e.g. Submarines are designed to submerge and surface, and tomaneuver quietly underwater to avoid detection.She was taken to hospital after being submerged in an icy river for 45 minutes.她在冰冷的河中淹了45分钟,随后被送到医院32.h armonious: a. in agreement; free from ill feeling 和谐的;和睦的e.g. She seems to have enjoyed a fairly harmoniousrelationship with al three of her children.The government is understandably reluctant to doanything which might spoil the harmonious relationsbetween the country’s ethnic groups.政府不愿做任何有损咯民族间和谐关系的事,这完全可以理解.33.h armonize : v. bring into harmony or agreement 使和谐; 使一致e.g. The garden has been designed to harmonize with thenatural landscape.这座花园的设计意在使它与周围的环境融为一体.The plan is to harmonize safety standards across all the countries involved.这个计划是要使所有国家的安全标准一致.比较: harmony n. 和谐; 和睦e.g. Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of the project.你的建议与这个计划的目的不一样.We must ensure that the tourism develops in harmony with the environment.我们必须保证旅游业的发展与环境协调.34.e thnica. of a race or the races of mankind 人种的；种族的e.g. Although America's culture is becoming more uniform,its society remains a diverse mix of ethnic, racial, and religious groups.Long-held ethnic tensions escalated into a violent armed conflict.35.e ssentiala. fundamental; most important; necessary 基本的；最重要的；必要的e.g. Most teachers agree that play is an essential part of achild's development.36.c ombinationn. joining or putting together; state of being joined 联合，结合；组合e.g. It is the combination of wit and political analysis thatmakes his articles so readable.37.s tagnanta. unchanging; still and stale 停滞的；静止的e.g. Thousands of disputes between management and laborresulted from stagnant wages coupled with inflation.They tried to drain stagnant pools where mosquitoes breed.The stagnant property market is making it very difficultfor many people to sell their houses.疲软的房地产市场使大量的房屋很难出售.Disease is a serious threat in the region because food is inshout supply and the water is stagnant.疾病对这个地区是个严重的威胁,因为食物短缺, 只有一滩滩死水.38.destinyn. one's fate 命运e.g. She wanted to be an artist, but destiny decreed that sheshould become a doctor.We are masters of our own destinyThe destiny of our nation depends on this vote.我们国家的命运系于这次投票.She felt that her destiny had been shaped by her gender.她觉得她的命运因她的性别而注定.39.discouragevt. take away the courage or confidence of 使气馁；使沮丧e.g. Michael was so discouraged by repeated failures that hedecided to give up his project.Many people were discouraged by the seemingly endless economic depression.。