目的 状 语 从
句 引 导 词 ︹ 表 47 ︺
陈述语气 if“如果”正面条件 unless(=if not) “除非，如果不”负面条件
Take you umbrella in case it rains. He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.
since
副 It be[ 一般时 / 完成时 词 （ 强 调 ]+ 一 段 时 间 +since 时间状语从句 介 since+过去某时间点 词 since+一段时间+ago
“为了、 以便” (so) that, in order that 从句主语=主句主语，in order to, so as to 取代目的状语 “以免， 以防” lest, for fear that 省略 should 的虚拟语气 in case 虚拟语气
省 when 指时间段/点， 略 从句谓语延续性/非 延续性动词，从句 动作和主句动作同 代 时/之前/之后发生 替 状 语 从 句 引 导 词 ︹ 表 47 ︺ 时间 before, after
When (you are) in trouble, you should ask for her help. S=s & v=be “when+分词”代替状语从句 When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. Study while you study; play while you play
条件
I will go , providing/provide(that) in case, on condition that, providing, my expense are paid. provided(that), supposing, Suppose/Supposing(that) he does suppose(that) “假如/使， 在…条件下” not come, what shall we do？ as long as(=so long as)充要条件“只 要” (al)though< even if/though though 倒 装 / 不 倒装 “虽然 / 即使 / 尽 管” as 必须倒装 形容词 / 副词 / 名 词 / 动词 / 过去分 词 +as+ 主 语 + 谓 语的其他部分 no matter+ 疑 问 词 > 带后缀 ever 的疑问词 whether…or… 选择范围的从句 I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time. (Al)though they are poor, they are happy. Even though it was raining she walked to work. Rich as he is, he is not happy. Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装是要省去单个名 词前的冠词) Try as he would, he could not lift the rock. No matter how (>however) much I tried, I failed to work out the maths problem. I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home.
I slipped on the ice when I ran home. / He jumps as he goes along. See me before you leave. I found his pen after he has left. It was not until you told me yesterday that I noticed it.
till, until
“到为…止”主句动词： Walk till/until you come to a white house. 肯定/否定形式，延续性 “直道…开始”主句动词 否定形式，非延续性 现在完成时主句 since 一般过去时从句 We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back. He hasn’t been home since he graduated. It is/was two years since I became a postgraduate student. He’s been skiing since childhood. I have been here since six yeas ago They set out early that they might arrive in time. I came so early as to catch the train. He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail. He hid the money lest it should be stolen.让步“不管/无论”方式
as, as if/though 连接 so that 结果/目的
Think as I think. He talks as if/though he is drunk. He worried so that he couldn’t sleep. He speaks so fast that no on can catch him. Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. He’s such a good person that we mustn’t blame him. He is so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient. Where there is a will, there is a way. I do it because I like it. The country is not strong because it is large.
when, while ， as,
while 强调主 句动作 语从句 动作同 时持续 地进行
主 / 从句谓语动 词都是延续性 动词 主句动作发生 在从句动作进 行过程中， 逐句 动词是为非延 续性动词
I met her while I was at school.
as 两个动作同时发生 /一 种动作伴随着另一种动 作的变化而变化 主句动作先于从句动作 主句动作晚于从句动作 放在句首时常用 until 强调句型中主句的 not 移 到 until 之前