一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken 一般过去时：was／were＋spoken 现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
➢ 在英语摘要的写作中，传统上一般采用 第三人称的被动语态。
➢ 摘要强调论文内容的客观性，一般不应采 用第一人称作主语。必须要表达单数第一 人称时，也不可在摘要中出现I，而是用 the author代替。
[正]The paper discusses the uc\ocii enbedded system
of multitasking transplant based on ARM7. It also introduces prime characteristic of uc\oci system and ARM7 architecture and presents the prerequisite and realization process of transplant.
在说明论题的发展背景和研究趋势时，如果表示持续到撰 写论文时的行文或状态，则应使用现在完成时。
LOGO

最后
[误]In this paper, we consider an inverse heat conduction problem, the sideways heat equation. The problem is ill-posed, in the sense that the solution (if it
英语科技论文摘要所采用的主要时态是一般 现在时，其次是一般过去时和现在完成时。
本文讨论了基于uc\ocii实时操作系统多任务处理能力的移 植，介绍了uc\ocii系统和ARM7体系结构的主要特点，并 给出了移植条件及移植的实现过程。
[误]The paper discussed the uc\ocii enbedded system of multitasking transplant based on ARM7. It also introduced prime characteristic of uc\oci system and ARM7 architecture and presented the prerequisite and realization process of transplant.
动词
首先
[正]This paper begins with an introduction to the
current status of optical fiber communication, followed 接着
by a presentation of some enabling technologies of dense wavelength division mutiplexing(DWDM)and concludes with a comment on some key technologies for the 40Gbps system.
总结
➢ 翻译成被动语态： …is introduced\described\presented ➢ 翻译成主动语态： This paper introduces\describes\presents
➢ 摘要的第一句话：“本文提出了\介绍了\证明 了……”，在翻译时，应将这类句子翻译为被动 语态或以This paper 开始的主动语态。
科技文章一般描述客观事实，所以用一般现在时。
先前的研究表明，在可见显示装置的实验中，多数研究对 象倾向于视距大于50cm. [误]Previous research showed that (during the work at visual display units) most subjects preferred viewing distance greater than 50cm. [正]Previous research have showed that (during the work at visual display units) most subjects preferred viewing distance greater than 50cm.
首先回顾了光纤通信的历史，综述了光纤通信的发展现 状，接着介绍了密集波分复用的若干使能技术，最后对 40Gbps系统的若干关键技术进行了评述。
动词
[误] Introduce status for optical fiber communication at first. Then described some enabling technologies of dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM).s for 40 Gbps system.
3.2.2英文摘要写作的注意事项
LOGO

主动语态 (active voice)
语态{
(voice) 被动语态 (passive voice)
1.主动语态 表示主语是动作的执行者
例如：Many people speak English. 2.被动语态 被动语态由"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分 词"构成。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.
exits)does not depend continuously on the data.
[正]The standard sideways inverse heat conduction equation is discussed. The problem is ill-posed, in the sense that the solution(if exits)does not depend continously on the data.