英语中的量词英语中的量词我们都知道汉语有大量的量词,其实英语也有不少量词,区别在于:(1)英语中的量词不就是一个单独的词类而就是名词下的一个小类;(2)英语中的量词不能用来表示单数可数名词的量;(3)英语中的量词通常被称为单位词或其她一些名称、由于上述原因,英语中的量词没有受到足够多的重视,学生往往只知道很少几个量词,而且还经常因为不能确定它们的搭配而烦恼、为了方便同学们学习与使用,我们把英语中的量词分为以下几个类别并列举了一些常见的量词及搭配:1、一般性的表示个数的量词:这一组中主要有piece, bit, item, article 等词,但piece具有独特的地位,在使用其她词的地方一般都可使用piece 代替之、比如:piece a piece of meat/paper/bread/music/information/furniture/machinery, etc、一片肉/一张纸/一片面包/一首曲子/一条信息/一件家具/一台机器等bit a bit of news/wood/advice/trouble, etc、一条消息/一块木头/一条建议/一件麻烦事等item an item of news/crime/program/business, etc、一条新闻/一宗罪行/一个项目/一笔生意等article an article of export/ furniture/ clothing/ luggage, etc、一宗出口/一件家具/一件衣服/一件行李等2、以形状表示个数的量词:bar a bar of chocolate/candy 一块巧克力/一块糖bunch a bunch of flowers/grapes/ keys 一束花/一串葡萄/一串钥匙cake a cake of soap/ice一块肥皂/一块冰cluster a cluster of stars/flowers/animals一群星/一束花/一群动物comb a comb of bananas 一串香蕉drop a drop of rain/ blood 一滴雨/一滴血ear an ear of corn/wheat一棒玉米/一穗麦子flight a flight of stairs/arrows/sparrows一段楼梯/一阵箭雨/一群麻雀flock a flock of workmen/criminals/boys 一群工人/一伙罪犯/一群男孩head a head of cabbage/cauliflower/sheep 一头卷心菜/一块花菜/一头羊lump a lump of sugar/coal/clay一块糖/一块煤/一块土spiral a spiral of mosquito incense 一盘蚊香slice a slice of meat/bread/beef一片肉/一片面包/一块牛肉swarm a swarm of bees一群蜜蜂bevy a bevy of beauties/girls/ladies 一群美人/一群女孩/一群女士gathering a gathering of friends一帮朋友clump a clump of trees一丛树林pack a pack of rascals/wolves一群流氓/一群狼3、表示容积的词:bottle a bottle of ink/milk/wine 一瓶酒/一瓶牛奶/一瓶葡萄酒bowl a bowl of rice/porridge 一碗米饭/一碗粥pail a pail of water 一桶水glass a glass of beer 一杯啤酒cup a cup of tea 一杯茶handful a handful of soil 一抔土spoonful a spoonful of oil 一汤匙油mouthful a mouthful of snow 一口雪truckload a truckload of steel 一卡车钢材a packet of cigarette一包烟4、表示行为动态的量词:fit a fit of laughter 一阵笑声peal a peal of thunder 一阵雷声flash a flash of light 一道闪电display a display of force 一番武力展示提供一些英语中"量词"词组在英语中,有很多量词词组,例如:a group of,a flock of, a bunch of,a bundle of等等。
为了方便广大英语学习者更好地掌握,本文对量词词组粗略地归纳了以下的特点,具体表现为:特点一:英语量词词组所表示的数或量,大致可归纳为四种类型,即定量、不定量、大量与少量。
1.表示定量的量词词组,譬如:a couple of(两个、一对)—a couple of days,a couple of players,a couple of timesa cupful of(一满杯)—a cupful of jelly,a cupful of watera portion of(一份／客)—a portion of duck,a portion of roast beef2.表示不定量的量词词组,譬如:a majority of(大多数／大半)—a majority of opinions,a majority of votes an atom of(一点)—an atom of food,an atom of trutha spell of(一阵／一段时间)—a spell of fine weather,a spell of coughing3.表示大量的量词词组,譬如:a flood of—a flood of ink(洋洋大篇),a flood of tears(泪如泉涌)a heap of—a heap of earth(一堆泥土),a heap of customers(许多顾客)a mountain of—a mountain of debts(债台高筑),a mountain ofdifficulties(困难重重)4.表示少量的量词词组,譬如:a drop of—a drop of fever(有点热度),a drop of dew(一点露水)a particle of—a particle of feeling(一丝感情),a particle of dust(一点灰尘)a shadow of—a shadow of doubt(一点怀疑),a shadow of freedom(一点自由) 特点二:有些数量词组修饰可数名词,有些数量词组修饰不可数名词,还有些则两者均可修饰。
1.修饰不可数名词的量词词组,譬如:a bit of—a bit of English(一点英语),a bit of good advice(一些好意见),a bit of interest(一点兴趣)a shred of—a shred of evidence(一点证据),a shred of cloth(少量布),a shred of reputation(一点声誉)a sheet of—a sheet of glass(一块玻璃),a sheet of water(一片汪洋)2.修饰可数名词的量词词组,譬如:a cluster of—a cluster of flowers(一簇花),a cluster of spectators(一群观众),a cluster of bright stars(闪烁群星)a string of—a string of pearls(一串珠子),a string of curses(连续不断的咒骂),a string of excuses(一连串借口)a scram of—a scram of mosquitoes(一群蚊子),a scram of geese(一群鹅),a scram of children(一群孩子)3.修饰(不)可数名词的量词词组,譬如:a body of—a body of bees(一群蜜蜂),a body of cold air(一股冷空气),a body of facts(许多事实)a block of—a block of ice(一大块冰),a block of flats(一幢公寓),a block of houses(一排房子)a chain of—a chain of ideas(一系列想法),a chain of accidents(一连串事故),a chain of proof(一连串证据)特点三:有些数量词组的搭配就是固定的,而有些搭配则比较灵活。
1.搭配固定的量词词组,譬如:a barrel of—a barrel of beer(一桶啤酒),a barrel of crude oil(一桶原油) a basket of—a basket of eggs(一篮鸡蛋),a basket of apples(一篮苹果)a line of—a line of trees(一行树),a line of poetry(一行诗)2.搭配较灵活的量词词组,譬如:a piece of—a piece of paper(一张纸),a piece of furniture(一件家具),a piece of equipment(一台设备)a round of—a round of spirit(一巡酒),a round of diplomatic talks(一轮外交谈判),a round of toast(一片烤面包)a bar of—a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bar of soap(一条肥皂),a bar of light(一束光)。