Unit11.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者）4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人）7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college.19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority.20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee.Unit21.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a courseof action冒险尝试5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相7.pastel:a.a pale andsubduedshadeor color轻淡柔和的色彩8.taffeta:n.a plain-weave glossysilk塔夫绸9.consignment:n.the action of entrusting goodsor saleor custody托运；托运的货物10.entourage:n.a group of people in attendance on or accompany someoneimportant随从；随行人员11.groomsman:n.a male friend officially attending the bridegroom at a wedding男傧相；伴郎12.courtship:n.the activity or period of courting a woman with a view to marriage 求爱期；追求期13.publicist:n.a personwho promotesor advertisessomething宣传人员；宣传代理人14.monomaniacal:a.characterizedby mental illness in which a personis dominatedby oneirrational setof ideas对某事狂热的；偏执狂的15.pharmacist:n.a personskilled or engagedin pharmacy;a personwho preparesordispenses medicine药剂师16.whine:v.to utter a subduedhigh-pitched prolonged cry of distressor complaint 哀诉；诉怨17.thwart:v.to run counter to,go against,oppose,hinder阻挠；阻止；对……构成阻力18.cathedral:n.any important,large and imposing church总教堂；大教堂19.quarantine:v.to isolate someoneor something that hasjust arrived from overseasor hasbeenexposedto infection对……进行检疫隔离20.petite:a.of small stature,chiefly of a woman or girl（女孩和妇女）娇小的21.brim:v.[with]to be or becomefull to the edge注满22.navigate:v.to direct,manage,steer给船舶、飞机等引航；导航23.eerily:adv.fearfully or gloomily引起神秘感或害怕地24.reminiscent:a.suggestiveor reminding(someone)提醒的；暗示的；像……的；使回忆起……的25.drab:a.dull or lifeless无生气的；乏味的；单调的26.relentlessly:adv.insistently and uncompromisingly不懈地；不屈不挠地；持续不断地27.dank:a.unpleasantlydamp and cold阴湿的；阴冷的28.tattered:a.torn or ragged破烂的；衣衫褴褛的29.prognosis:n.a prediction of the likely outcome of a disease预后（指医生对疾病结果的预测）30.trickle:v.to drip or run with tears滴；淌；细流31.decadent:a.declining or decaying(from a stateof excellenceor prosperity)堕落的；颓废的32.incision:n.a division madeby cutting,as onemadeduring surgery切开；切口33.bolster:v.to support and strengthen支持；鼓励（某人）；改善；加强（某事物）34.chemo:n.the treatment of disease,esp.infection or cancer,by means ofchemicals化疗35.poach:v.to cook an egg without the shell in simmering,or over boiling,water水煮（荷包蛋）36.consummately:pletely,to the highestdegree完全地；至上地37.myriad:n.countlessnumber无数；极大数量38.protrude:v.to extendor stick out伸出；突出39.raspy:a.harsh刺耳的；焦躁的；易怒的40.matrimonial a.of or pertaining to marriage婚姻的41.We should be truly thankful to Mr.Deng Xiaoping for taking the plunge andinitiating the economic reform in China.42.What is the useof whining about your bad luck?It is more important to find thereal causeof your misfortune.43.The rising real estateprices thwarted his ambition of owning a houseof his ownin the big city.Disappointed,he returnedto his hometown.44.He writes clearly and lightheartedly about the100best rivers and gives his expertadviceon how to navigate their reaches.Unit31.disingenuousness:n.slight dishonestyand lack of sincerity不老实2.withering a.(of a look or remark,etc.)scornful or contemptuous(神情、话语）尖刻的3.endorsev.to expressformal supportor approval赞同；认可；支持（意见、活动、某人等）4.sequentiala.following in order of time or place按次序的；相继的；构成连续镜头的；顺序的；序列的5.testimony n.written or spoken statementdeclaring that sth is true,esp one madeunderoath（法庭上证人的）证词6.nicotine n.poisonousoily substancefound in tobacco尼古丁；烟碱7.the better part of:the majority of;the biggest part of大部分；主要部分8.sophisticationn.quality of being sophisticated老练，复杂9.allure n.a mysterious,exciting,or desirablequality诱惑力；魅力10.extol v.(fml.)to praisehighly赞颂；赞扬；赞美11.clad a.dressed;clothed穿衣的12.pathology n.scientific study of diseases of the body病理（学）13.perverse a.deliberately or stubbornly turning away from what is reasonableorrequired错误的；荒谬的；反常的14.exoneratev.(sb.from sth.):to declaresb.free from blame使免罪；免除15.epidemiological a.connectedwith the study of the way diseasesspread,and howto control them流行病学的ndmark n.an event or development that marks a turning point or a stage里程碑，地标17.bronchogenica.deriving from the bronchial tubes产生于支气管的；影响支气管的18.surrogaten.(fml)personor thing that actsor is usedinsteadof another;substitute 替代；代理19.deride v.to treatsb./sth.asfunny andnot worthy of seriousattention取笑；嘲笑20.exhaustively adv.very thoroughly;completely用尽一切地rmal written businesscommunication（备忘的）记录22.disinformation n.false information,intendedto mislead故意的假情报23.obfuscatev.to make(sth.)confusedor difficult to understand使模糊；使混乱24.spike v.to fastenor furnish with spikes把尖状物钉入25.racketeering n.making money from illegal activities such as threatening peopleor selling worthless,immoral,or illegal goodsor services.敲诈勒索；诈骗26.gagglen.a group of people,especially thosethat are noisy or disorganized散乱的一群，缺乏组织的团体27.skeptic n.a personwho hasdoubtsaboutthings that other peoplebelieve怀疑者28.defraudv.to get sth.from sb.by deception;cheatsb.诈取；骗取29.pandemicn.a diseasethat affects many people over a very wide area（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病30.advocacyn.public support for a courseof action支持；拥护；鼓吹；（对某思想、行动方针、信念的）拥护；支持；提倡31.After the police released their report,John was exonerated from allresponsibility for the accident.32.In a speechat the Congress,the president extolled the virtues of free enterpriseandexpressed his distastefor the blatant hegemonyin IT industry.33.I endorse everything that has been said from both sides of the House in supportand admiration of him and of the courageand fortitude that he and his family have displayed.34.The poor woman was defrauded of her money by a dishonestaccountant.Unit4favor and 1.blessing n.thing that one is glad of,thing that brings happiness;God’ｓprotection祝福；祷告2.curse n.causeof evil,harm,destruction,etc.诅咒；咒骂；祸端3.chitchat n.(infml.)chat;gossip闲谈；聊天4.detritus n.a weekly hard rock and heavy metal e-zine featuring news,reviews,rumors,special reports,andmore花边消息5.suck v.(slang)If someonesaysthat something sucks,they are indicating that theythink it is very bad;somepeoplefind this useoffensive.令人不愉快；令人讨厌6.con a.(slang)哄骗的7.harry v.to annoy(sb.)with repeatedrequests,questions,etc.harass掠夺；使…苦恼；侵掠8.snoopv.to searchor investigatein a persistentandsecretiveway窥伺；打听9.shrivel v.to(causesth.to)shrink and wrinkle from heat,cold or dryness枯萎；干枯；皱缩rge number(of questions,criticisms,etc.)delivered quickly,one afterthe other一连串的批评11.nanosecond n.毫微秒（时间单位）12.catalyst n.personor thing that causesa change催化剂；刺激因素13.mind-boggling a.(infml.)alarming;extraordinary or astonishing令人难以置信的14.cook up:(infml.)to invent sth.,esp.in order to deceive编造；伪构；谋划15.hasslev.to harass(sb.);to bother与…争辩；不断骚扰16.irreconcilable a.that cannotbe reconciled不能和解的；不能协调的；矛盾的17.salvagev.to save,rescue海上救助；打捞；抢救18.far-flung a.spreadover a wide area;distributed widely辽阔的；漫长的；遥远的19.visceral a.(fig.,fml.)(of feelings,etc.)not rational;instinctive（感情等）非理性的；直觉的20.peck v.to strike sth.with the beak啄；啄食21.lust n.strong sexualdesire;intensedesirefor sth.贪欲；欲望；色欲22.hierarchy n.system with gradesof authority or status from lowest to the highest 等级制度；层级；统治集团23.buffer n.country or area between two powerful states,lessening the risk of warbetweenthem缓冲；缓冲区24.purveyor n.personor firm that supplies goodsor services供应商25.spewv.to vomit;to sendout in a stream喷出；涌出；呕吐；吐出26.vile a.extremely disgusting;despicableon moral grounds恶劣的；简陋的；低廉的psen.a temporary lack of sth.such asconcentration or judgment暂时失去某物（如注意力、判断力等）28.gentility n.genteelmannersand behavior有教养；文雅；出身高贵29.lowercasea.Lowercase letters are small letters,not capital letters.用小写字母排印等的30.run amok:to rush about in a wild and angry frenzy横行；胡作非为；乱冲乱杀31.cobbletogether:to put sth.togetheror makesth.hastily or clumsily拙劣地修补32.snippy a.(infml)尖刻的；言语唐突的33.archive n.(pl)historical documentsor records档案；档案馆34.curator n.personin chargeof a museum,an art gallery,etc.博物馆长35.bemoanv.to show sorrow for or complain about(sb./sth.)悲叹；为…惋惜；认为遗憾36.muster v.to gain sth.by collecting it from other people or by drawing it fromwithin oneself;summon sth.up集合；收集；鼓起；激起37.multitude n.extremely large numberof peopleor things多数；群众38.spurn.thing that urgesa personon to greateractivity;incentive刺激；鞭策39.It is certainly undemocratic,and many peopleare beginning to feel that it borderson the unconstitutional.sheremarks,“yet it is just the desire to explain 40.“No t heory explains everything,”everything which is the spur of theory.”41.The archaeologist in the film knew that there was a curse upon anyone whoenteredthe pyramid.42.A real love song is infinitely more appropriate for Christmas than a trashy songcookedup as a commercial gimmick.Unit51.innovation n.the processof making improvements by introducing sth.new;theactof introducing sth.new;sth.newly introduced创新的过程新方法，新技术：新介绍的东西2.define v.to show clearly the edgeof sth.清楚地显示出轮廓3.quantifiable a.can be quantified,measuredcapableof being quantified可以计量的4.rocket v.to move extremely quickly非常快速地运动5.conundrum n.a problem that is difficult to deal with难以解决的问题6.craft v.to make(sth.)skillfully,esp.by hand精工制作（某物）（尤指用手工）7.flummox v.to bewilder,confuseor disconcert(sb.)使（某人）迷惑、糊涂或仓皇失措8.malaise n.a generalfeeling of bad health or lack of energy,or an uncomfortablefeeling that something is wrong(esp.with society)and a lack of ability to changethe situation微恙；不适，莫名的不安9.stagnation n.(fig.)stateof showing no activity停滞10.yearning n.strong desire,tender longing强烈的愿望，渴望11.incentive n.thing that encouragessb.to do sth.;stimulus激励某人做某事的事物，刺激，奖励12.provocative a.tending or intended to arouseanger,annoyance,controversy,etc.激起愤怒、恼恨、争论等的；挑衅的；煽动性的13.perpetual a.continuing indefinitely;permanent永久的14.ingenuity n.clevernessand originality in solving problems聪明，原创性地解决问题15.put a finger on sth.to know the reason for sth.,esp.sth.that is a problem;identify precisely or point out(an error,the causeof a problem,etc.)知道某事的理由（特别是问题），精确地发现或指出问题所在16.lend oneself to:to allow oneself to be associatedwith sth.;adapt oneself or setoneselfup to betreatedin a specialway同意参与；适合于17.raison d’etre(French)a basic,essentialpurpose;a reasonto exist,reasonfor orexistence存在的目的或理由justification of sb.’ｓ/sth.’ｓ18.green innovation:innovation which helps to protect the environment保护环境的创新19.I think you’ve just put your finger on the biggest problem facing theConservativeparty in this election.20.Flummoxing by the surreality of history and the mind-boggling changesunleashedin the60s,many writers in that era became minimalists,withdrawing,turtlelike,inside their own homesand heads.21.According to a survey of college graduatesrecently releasedby the government’ｓCouncil of Labor Affairs(CLA),the average starting monthly salary for collegegraduatesin2006decreased,which revealsstagnation in economy.22.Girls from dalit families,the lowest in the caste hierarchy in India have theyearning for formal school education.Unit61.reiterate:v.to say or do again or repeatedly再次或反覆说或做（某事物）2.benign:a.tending to exert a beneficial influence;favorable易于产生有益影响的，有利的3.transcend:v.to passbeyond the limits of:超出……的限度4.unprecedented:a.neverhaving happenedor existedin thepast无先例的,空前的5.resilience:n.the ability to recover quickly from illness,change,or misfortune迅速从变化中恢复过来的能力6.disruptive:a.causing trouble and therefore stopping sth.from continuing as usual 破裂的，分裂的7.skyrocket:v.to rise or causeto rise rapidly and suddenly迅速和突然地升高或使升高xity:n.thestateor quality of being lax松弛的状态或性质9.fiscal:a.of or relating to finance or finances财政的或与财政有关的10.incur:v.to experience something,usually sth.unpleasant,as a result of actionsyou have taken遭受；蒙受；招致；引起11.intensification:n.action that makessth.strongeror more extreme激烈化12.array:v.to arrangea group of things in a particular way为展示或使用而部署13.folly:n.stupidity,or a stupid action,idea,etc.愚行，荒唐事14.adversity:n.a difficult or unlucky situation or event逆境，困难或苦恼的状态，不幸15.rigor:n.sth.that is hardto endure艰难的或难堪的情形，困境16.dissipate:v.to(causeto)gradually disappearor waste使消散，驱散，弱到或几乎弱到消失的程度17.embody:v.to representa quality or an ideaexactly体现，代表18.covenant:n.a binding agreement;a compact盟约，契约，有约束力的协议19.bypass:v.to ignore a rule or official authority为图省事而不顾规则20.conflagration:n.alarge and violent event,such asa war,involving a lot of people 大型暴力事件，如战争21.subdue:v.to reduce the force of sth.,or to prevent something from existing ordeveloping抑制，克制；使变得缓和，降低22.revealing:a.showing or making known透露内情的，允许一瞥了知的23.vilify:v.to say or write unpleasantthings about sb.or sth.,in order to causeotherpeopleto have abad opinion of them污蔑，诋毁，中伤（某人）24.whenit comesto:when the topic is picked up25.more frequently than not:it occurs quite often that,alsomore often than not26.In the following week,the question reiterated itself in his mind,but he wasincapableof answering it.27.We were very rapidly using up a certain kind of irreplaceable asset,namely thetolerancemarginswhich our benign naturealways provides.28.We apologize for the sluggishness of TypePad-poweredsites this morning,andcausingit.we’re working to resolvethe hardwareproblem that’ｓ29.The conceptthat peopleareborn equalis embodiedin theAmerican Constitution.Unit71.cult:n.sb.or sth.that has become very popular with a particular group of people 在特定人群中变得流行的人或事物2.tenure:n.the right to remain permanently in a job永久地保有其职位的权利3.stardom:n.fame名望，名气4.waffle:v.to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clearanswers胡乱地说或写5.–mongering(suffix,mainly disapproving)encouraging a particular activity,especiallyone which causestrouble（前缀，多贬义）促进某种行为的（尤其是会导致麻烦的行为6.arguably:adv.possibly可能地7.blockbuster:n.(infml.)a book or film that is very successful,especially becauseofits exciting contents成功的书或电影（尤其是因为内容精彩）8.paste:v.to move a pieceof text to a particular place in a computer document（电脑）粘贴9.mollify:v.(fml.)to make sb.feel lessangry and upsetabout sth.使（某人）息怒；使平静；抚慰10.dire:a.very seriousor extreme很严重11.overseer:n.a person whose job is to make certain that employeesare working orthat anactivity is being donecorrectly监督或指导他人工作的人12.hurl:v.to utter vehemently感情激烈地说出13.savage:v.to criticize sb.severely激烈抨击14.flatulence:n.self-importance;pomposity自大；自负15.squabble:n.petty or noisy quarrel吵闹和争执16.exalted:a.having a very high rank andhighly respected崇高的，高贵的17.till:v.to prepareland for growing crops[=cultivate]耕种18.pontificate:v.to speak or write and give your opinion about sth.as if you kneweverything about it and asif only your opinion was correct武断地或自封为权威地谈论某事物19.ghost-writer:n.sb.who is paid to write a book or story for another person,whothensaysit is their own work影子写手；捉刀人personal 20.memoir:n.(pl.)a book or other piece of writing based on the writer’ｓknowledge of famous people,placesor events（个人生活与经历的）回忆录;自传21.hustle:v.to do sth.with a lot of energyand determination努力地做某事22.moonlight:v.(infml.)to have a secondjob in addition to your main job从事第二职业：作为某人全职工作的额外工作去做另一份工作23.short-change:v.to treat sb.unfairly by not giving them what they deserveor hopedfor未给以公正的报答或酬劳24.ostentatious:a.too obviously showing your money,possessionsor power,in anattempt to make other people notice and admire you为了让别人注意或羡慕自己，故意显示自己的钱，所有物或力量25.ludicrous:a.stupid or unreasonableand deservingto be laughed at;ridiculous可笑的；荒唐的；愚蠢的26.vista:n.an awarenessof a range of time,events,or subjects;a broad mental view 回顾或展望的一连串情景、事情等27.populist:n.relating to or presenting ordinary people,rather than rich orhighly-educatedpeople平民主义者28.trash:v.(infml.)to criticize sth.or sb.severely搞垮，贬低29.besettingsin:n.aparticularly badfeature or habit(often usedhumorously)恶习proposalsas well as Liberal’s.30.The professor trashesConservative’ｓ31.Politicians are always pontificating abouteducation.32.He was askedto bethe overseerof the project.33.He hurled a chair acrossthe set,smashingthe lamps and vases.Unit81.bound: a.going or ready to go towards somewhere前往或准备前往一个特定方向的2.tribute:n.an act,statementor gift that is intended to show gratitude,respectoradmiration表示敬意或称赞的行动、言语或礼物3.chivalry:n.the medieval knightly systemwith its religious expectationof an idealknight,esp.courage,honor,courtesy,justice,and a readinessto help the weak骑士制度（中世纪的）；骑士精神（如勇气、荣誉感、谦恭及扶助弱小等）4.reverent a.feeling or showing deepand solemn respect虔敬的；恭敬的5.rally v.(of troops)to come together again in order to continue fighting after adefeator dispersion召集，集合6.forlorn a.(of an aim or endeavor)unlikely to succeedor be fulfilled;hopeless 无望的，几乎没有希望的；绝望的7.custodian n.personwho hasresponsibility for or looks after sth.掌管某事物的人opinions,decisions,etc.不屈8.unbending a.unable or unwilling to changeone’ｓ服的，坚定的9.spur n.a thing that prompts or encouragessomeone;an incentive刺激，鞭策10.eulogy n.(a speechor piece of writing containing)high praise,usu.for apersonor their qualities称颂，赞美11.relentless a.continuously severeor cruel冷酷的，狠心的12.torrential a.causedby or like a violently rushing stream由急流引起的，似急流的13.desolation n.a stateof complete emptinessor destruction废墟：处于荒芜的状态14.indomitable a.too strong and brave to bediscouraged不可屈服的；不可战胜的15.haze n.a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere,typically causedby finesuspended particles烟雾（造成能见度降低的大气潮气、尘埃、烟雾以及水汽）16.gaunt a.(of a person)lean and haggard,especially because of suffering,hunger,or age（指人）（因饥饿或疾病）憔悴的,骨瘦如柴的17.ghastly a.causinggreathorror or fear;extremely unwell可怕的；恐怖的18.perpetuate v.to makecontinue indefinitely使无限期地延续下去19.promulgate v.to promote or makewidely known宣扬（某事物）20.serene a.calm,peaceful,and untroubled;tranquil安详的，不受干扰所影响的；平静和安定的21.gladiator n.(in ancient Rome)an armedman who fought againstmen or wildanimalsin a public place asa form of entertainment格斗者，角斗士22.guidepost n.a sign giving information such asthe direction and distanceto anearbytown,typically found at a road junction路标23.beacon n.a tall object or a light on or near the shore,acting as guide orwarning to sailors灯塔；灯标24.monger n.a person who promotes a specified activity,situation or feeling,especially one that is undesirable or discreditable经营某一特定商品的商人,促成某一令人不快或不光彩的事发展的人25.ominous a.giving a warning of sth.bad that is going to happen预兆的或成为预兆的（特别是坏的预兆的）26.tint n.a paleor delicateshadeof a color;slight degreeof a color色调27.We must give tribute to all thosewho helpedmake this a free country.28.The new residential blocks were skillfully integrated with the rest of the Collegeto form a pleasing,self-containedwhole.encouragementwas the spur he neededto succeed.29.His wife’ｓ。