• 3. The art or occupation of a literary writer.
• 4. The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field: medical literature.
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William Shakespeare
• B. Renaissance:
an intellectual movement sprung first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.
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Enjoying Poetry
Or: 1. Voice: Speaker and Tone 2. Image 3. Figurative Language 4. Symbol and Allegory 5. Syntax 6. Sound Effect 7. Form 8. Theme
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William Shakespeare
• (2) Life and Works (Introduction of the great writer’s life)
• A. His complete works: 37 plays 2 narrative poems 154 sonnets
• B. mainly famous for his great plays, especially the outstanding “Four Great Tragedies”. ——Hamlet （哈姆雷特） ——King Lear（李尔王） ——Othello （奥赛罗） ——Macbeth （麦克白）
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Enjoying Poetry
• The Definition of Poetry
• Types of Poetry 1. the narrative: Epic, Romance, Ballad民谣 2. the lyric: Elegy, Epigram, Sonnet悼念/讽刺
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William Shakespeare
• Two features: • a thirsting curiosity for the classical
literature. • the humanism means the new feeling
of admiration for human beauty and human achievement.
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Enjoying Poetry
• Suggestions on Reading Poetry 1. Read slowly and deliberately, read aloud. 2. Identify speaker, subject, situation, tone. 3. Pay attention to special language phenom.. 4. Consider the form and how its structure shapes its thought and emotion. 5. Test poem against your own experience. 6. Identify social, cultural and moral values. Your own values influence your evaluation.
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Lecture 1 William Shakespeare
• William Shakespeare (1564–1616) (1) Historical Background
• A. Queen Elizabeth I: a powerful England with the fast development of capitalism.
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William Shakespeare
• C. Shakespeare lived in such a period and also such a period made him the most famous and most important English writer.
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• 5. Printed material: collected all the available literature on the subject.
• 6. Music. All the compositions of a certain kind or for a specific instrument or ensemble: the symphonic literature.
• 2. Imaginቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱtive or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value: "Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity"
• Elements of Poetry 1. Images & Imagery（意象群） 2. Figures of Speech: Simile & Metaphor, Symbol, Allegory, Personification, Hyperbole, Metonymy, Allusion, Paradox寓言/拟人/夸张/借代/典故/矛盾 3. Sound of Poetry: Rhyme, Rhythm & Meter 4. Forms of Poetry: Rhyming Forms, Blank Verse & Free Verse押韵诗/无韵诗/自由诗 5. Theme—the main idea
Selected Readings in English and American Literature
THE SUN
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Literature
• Literature n.
• 1. The body of written works of a language, period, or culture.