一、时态和语态1. 如何解答时态问题例1：You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had missedD. have missed例2：Anne asked Tom ______ the key.A. when he leftB. where he had leftC. how he leftD. why did he left考试重点：2. 与完成时有关的时态★现在完成时(have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now例1：Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D例2：English ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years.A. has been taughtB. was being taughtC. has been taughtD. had been taught.★过去完成时(had done)例3：Anne asked Tom ______ the key.A. when he leftB. where he had leftC. how he leftD. why did he left例4：The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. had begunC. has been onD. would began ★将来完成时(will have done) by例5：We’re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema.A. had already startedB. have alreadyC. will already have startedD. have already been started.★现在完成进行时(have been doing)例6：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A. had leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking★过去完成进行时(had been doing)★将来完成进行时(will have been doing )例7：By the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours.A. I will studyB. I will have been studiedC. I had studiedD. I will have been studying.3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时例1：When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated例2：please be sure to telephone me the next time you ______.A. will comeB. would comeC. shall comeD. come▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时例3：Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service.A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish注意：例4：No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them.A. triesB. will tryC. are tryingD. have tried4. 考试小窍门◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项，要重点加以研读，一般说来是正确答案。

二、情态动词1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义can’tmay notmustn’ｔneed’t2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法★must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定”+do 对现在情况的推测must+have done 对过去情况的推测例1：I ________ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night.A. might fallB. must fallC. must have fallenD. can have fallen★can’t/could’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”+do 对现在情况的推测can’t/couldn’ｔ+have done 对过去情况的推测★may/might not表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许,”+do 对现在情况的推测may/might+have done 对过去情况的推测3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法needn’t have doneshould have doneshould not have doneought to have donecould have done4. 考试小窍门在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下，一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。

×Must do√Must have done三、虚拟语气赵文通考试重点：1. 条件句中的虚拟语气例１：I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.A. had knownB. have knownC. knewD. would know例２：If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being usedD. using条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点：如果条件句中有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，然后把这三个单词提前，形成倒装。

例3：_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If he tookB. if he should takeC. Were he to takeD. Had he taken含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用三级考试中经常出现的三个句型：But for/without,，,,……, otherwise/or………, but/though…．例４：But for your help, I _____ the work in time.A. did not finishB. could not finishA. will not finish D. would not have finished例５：Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.A. isB. will beC. would have beenD. would be例６：He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the meeting.A. would have comeB. would comeC. could comeD. had come例７：We would have made a lot of money, but we halfwayA. gave upB. had given upC.would give upD. were to give up错综时间条件句例８：If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:例１：I suggested that we should go there on foot.注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:例２：The man insisted that he had never stolen the money2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中例３：It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:例４：My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气4. if only 引导的感叹句中5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式7. it is (high) time that ,.句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式四、非谓语动词1. 不定式不定式的逻辑主语例１：The road is wild enough for cars to pass by.例２：It is important for you to work hard.例３：It is kind of you to help me.不定式的时态和语态例４：The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago.A. to be builtB. to have been builtC. to have builtD. to have being built使用不带to的不定式1)why not do表示委婉的建议例１：Why not_____Professor Li for help He is kind-hearted and willing to help.A. askB. you askC. to askD. your asking2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时，用省to的不定式。