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Metonymy资料PPT课件
Metonymy
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Content
❖ The definition of Metonymy ❖ The types of Metonymy ❖ The differences of Metonymy in English and
Chinese ❖Synecdoche and Antonomasia ❖借代与借喻 ❖The function of Metonymy
eg. He was an authority on Shakespeare.
他是莎学权威。(anthority指代具有权威的人)
eg. The work is a pleasure to me.
这项工作对我来说是个乐事。n(以颜色代与之有关的词)
所有镇民都去送葬了。(town代替镇民)
eg. the White House—the US government 白宫——指代美国政府
eg. the Pentagon—the USA military establishment 五角大楼——指代美国国防部
❸ instrument---user(以工具代工具使用者)
☠ 甲事物同乙事物不相类似,但有不可分离的关系 ,利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物的 ,叫借代。
Types
❶ container ---content(以容器代内容)
eg. The kettle is boiling.
壶开了。(kettle代替壶中的水)
eg. The film star has a large wardrobe.
We should know:
英语中的Metonymy≠汉语中的借代 英语中的Metonymy与汉语中的“借代” 十分相似,只是在分类上略有不同。 汉语中的借代分为“旁借”和“对代"两 大类。 旁借:也作旁代,即借本体所伴随或所附属 的事物代替本体。 对代:本体两个相应方面的互相替换。
汉语中的借代包括了英语的Metonymy, Synecdoche
❻organ---its funtion(以器官代替作用)
eg. He has a rough tongue.
他言语粗鲁。(tongue指代说话方式 能力)
eg. I've come to pick your brains.
我是来向你讨教专门知识的。(brain指代专门知识)
eg. She has the eye for the fair and the beautiful.
eg. Don't play the fool.
不要装疯卖傻。(fool指代傻里傻气的行为)
❽abstract---concrete / general---specific(以抽象代 具体/以泛指代特定)
eg. Death fell in showers.
死亡的子弹如雨般降落。(death指代子弹)
eg. He is the black sheep in the family.
他是他家的害群之马。(black sheep指代堕落的人)
eg. He has a yellow streak.
他有着怯懦的性格。(yellow streak指代怯懦的性格)
The differences of Metonymy in English and Chinese
❺person;thing---feature(以人或物代替特征)
eg. There is much of a schoolboy in him. 他身上还有许多小学生的气质。(schoolboy指代学生的 气质)
eg. The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face. 凶残与贪婪交织在一起,浮现在他的脸上。(wolf指代凶 残;pig指代贪婪)
Definition
起源:Metonymy这一术语源自于希腊语,意为“th e change of name".
定义: ☠ the act of referring to sth by the name of sth else th
at is closely connected with it. ——Oxford Dictionary
eg. The pen is mightier than the sword.
笔比剑更有利。(pen指代文人;sword指代军人)
eg. He was raised to the bench. 他被任命为法官。(bench指代法官)
eg. He believed that the gun was not so much as the plough. 他认为与其去当兵不如去农场干活好(gun指代武装部队; plough指代农场)
❹striking feature---person;thing(以特征代替特征 所有者)
eg. The crown should not yield to the cross. 皇权不应屈服于教会。(crown指代国王;cross指代教堂)
eg. A bald slipped out through the back door. 一个秃子从后门溜了出去。(bald指代秃顶的人)
她有审美眼光。(eye指代眼光)
❼concrete---abstract / specific---general(以具体代 抽象/以特定代泛指)
eg. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, and sweat.
我没有什么可以奉献,只有热血,辛劳,和汗水。(blood指 代热血的气概;toil指代辛苦劳动;sweat指代辛勤努力)
这位明星有很多衣服。( wardrobe指代衣柜里的服装)
eg. He is in his cups again. 他又喝醉了。(cups指代杯中的酒)
❷ place---people,institution,organization( 以处所 代人,机构,组织)
eg. The whole town attended the funeral.