The ambiguity of language
• Meaning in language is jointly constructed by the participants in communication. 1. Word-level ambiguity in language
Language is always ambiguous at the word level. The words themselves do not give us enough information to interpret their meaning unequivocally Example: “There is a man at the door.” ambiguity→ “at”: tell something about where the man is located, but doesn’t tell much →ambiguous in that we don’t know very much about just how this man is “at” the door
5.Aspects of Intercultural Communication---Proceedings of China’s 2nd Conference on Intercultural Communication 《跨文化交际面面观》
胡文仲，1999年，外语教学与研究出版社
期刊
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 外语能力与跨文化交际能力社会需求分析，史兴松。2014年，外语 界 英语教学中培养学生跨文化交际意识，蔺宏功，2013年，现代阅读 论中国跨文化交际研究的历史分期及其特点，池舒文，2014年，中 国外语。 从跨文化交际能力视角探索国际化外语人才培养课程设置，陈欣， 2012年，外语界。 跨文化交际能力在外语教学中如何定位，胡文仲，2013年，外语界。 跨文化交际能力体系的构建，张卫东，杨莉，2012年，外语界。 翻译与跨文化交际策略，孙艺凤，2012年，中国翻译。 跨文化交际主流研究及实证方法 彭世勇，2008年第五期，中国外 语。 对经济全球化背景下跨文化交际学研究的思考，庄恩平，2006年， 中国外国语。 文化全球化与跨文化交际学科发展：动力、趋势和展望，高永晨， 2008年，外语与外语教学。
Intercultural Communication
—— 孙悦
Book List
1.Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach 《跨文化交际：语篇分析法》
Ron Scollon， Suzanne Wong Scollon. 2000， 布莱克韦尔出版社，外语教学与 研究出版社
Approaches to Interdiscourse Professional Communication • The first approach is based on knowing as much as possible about the people with whom one is communicating——the approach of increasing shared knowledge • The second approach is based on making the assumption that misunderstandings are the only thing certain about interdiscourse professional communication——dealing with miscommunication
3. Discourse-level ambiguity in language
Language remains inherently ambiguous at the level of discourse as well. You Just Don’t Understand (Deborah Tannen,1990) shows how men and women from the same culture, even from the same families, often misunderstand each other because of different assumptions they make about the purposes or goals of their communication.
Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach 《跨文化交际：语篇分析法》
Contents Chapter 1: What is a Discourse Approach? Chapter 2: How, When, and Where to Do Things with Language Chapter 3: Interpersonal Politeness and Power Chapter 4: Conversational Inference: Interpretation in Spoken Discourse
b. in an elementary classroom Testing for the concept of telling the time (speech event) (teacher): What is the time ? (speech act 1) (student): The time is X. (speech act 2) (teacher): Evaluation. (speech act 3)
→a. the speech act: requesting the time
b. the speech act: testing a child’s ability to tell the time c. the speech act: asking for leave The meaning in sentence resides not in the sentence alone but in the situation in which it is used as well.
Chapter 1: What is a Discourse Approach?
• Example: different discourse strategy in a business meeting between Chinese and American businessmen → 1.confusion in goals or in interpreting the main point of another’s speech is caused by the fact that each side is using different principle of discourse to organize its presentation 2. The difference in discourse pattern results in a confusion between the two participants in the hypothetical conversation. 3. Language is fundamentally ambiguous.
Chapter 2: How, When, and Where to Do Things with Language • To examine the concept of context →Speech Acts, Speech Events, Speech Situation Example: “What time is it ?” The speech act takes place within a speech event which could be called “asking for the time” a. At bus station Asking for the time (speech event) What time is it ? (speech act 1) The time is X. (speech act 2) Thanking. (speech act 3)
选择本书的理由
• 本书论述的是关于不同文化背景的人之间的交际， 与传统的关于跨文化交际的专著有很大差别。 • 本书不仅对西方人和东方人，而且对不同职业、 公司、性别、乃至代别等不同群体的成员在交往 时会发生什么，怎样发生的，如何解决所产生的 交际失误进行了诠释，有实用性。 • 本书对语篇系统和语篇认同等概念的研究，会提 高我们对跨文化交际这一复杂过程的认识，帮助 我们更好的学习跨文化交际这门课程。
“There is a taxi at the door.” →different way of being “at” the door→ the taxi at some distance at the door in a roadway or a driveway The difference lies in what we know about men and taxis and how they wait “at” doors.
2.Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace (Third Edition)《全球化工作环境中的 跨文化沟通》Iris Varner Linda Beamer, 2006，上海外语教育出版社 municating With Strangers: An Approach to Intercultural Communication (Fourth Edition)
a. walking down the street and stop a stranger to ask —— “It’s 2:00” —— “Thank you”