3. 写作 写好引言段（introduction） 引言段开头必须是主题句。包括图表的类型， 内容指的是什么等。命题中已有主题句的情况， 转写题目。 描写图表(body) 注意使用衔接词和转承短语，使文章紧凑，逻 辑性强。 结尾段(ending) 不需要加一段“单独”的结论，不需要发表个 人观点。

波动 Fluctuate There were strong/slight fluctuations… 峰值 …reached its peak/ plateau/ bottom/ lowest point …peaked at 1000 比例 A constitute/ accounts for/ makes up/ takes up nearly 10% of B B is composed of 50%..,40%.., and 10%..
雅思图表作文
考察学生观察图表，解释，说明信息的能 力。 无需阐述自己的意见，做出假设或对所给 的信息做出结论性评价。 字数不少于150字，最好在180字左右。

写作内容
既有宏观overview又有微观details 语言简练明确，逻辑性强 相关处进行关系描述和对比

写作时态
一般用过去时描述已经发生的客观信息。 没有时间信息的客观描述用一般现在时。 预测数据使用表将来的结构。 Be projected/ expected/ predicted/ forecasted to
如何写overview (线、柱、饼、表) As an overall trend,… (流程) This process diagram covers/includes … stages/phrases.

如何表方向 1. 上升 Increase/rise/grow/boom/top/climb/go up/an upward trend …in 2003 were 23% up of those of 2001 Roughly doubled/ tripled/ quadrupled 2. 下降 decrease/ descend/ dive/ plunge/ decline/ drop/ reduction …experienced/saw/witnessed a 7% drop…

修饰词 dramatically, significantly, steeply, enormously, markedly, slightly, moderately, steadily, constantly 平稳 …remained steady/ stable/ constant …rose and fell within a narrow range …was flat at 12% …remained around that figure/number/percentage 大概 About, around, some, approximately, roughly, more or less, in the neighborhood of, fewer than, less than, under, below, within, more than, over, above
例2. The line charts below show the growth of defense spending and its percent of GNP in USA. Write a short report for a university lecture describing the changes between 1956 and 1975.
The line chart describes the changes in the popularity of cinema and television between 1957 and 1974. According to the graph, over the period from 1957 to 1974 the trend as towards a decrease in the popularity of the cinema. There was a dramatic fall in the number of cinema admission from 1957, when about 900 million people went to cinema, to 1960, when the attendance figure was roughly 500 million. From 1960 to 1963 the rate of decline slowed down, the figure for the latter year being about 400 million. From this year on, there was a more gradual reduction in the popularity of the cinema, reaching a figure of about 90 million in 1974. In contrast, there was an upward trend in the number of TV licenses issued in this period. In 1957 about 390 million licenses were issued, and this figure rose steadily reaching 700 million in 1966, to a peak of 950 million in 1974.
4. 检查 拼写错误，名词单复数，单3，动词过去式。 不规则书写：大小写，缩写。 语法错误：主谓一致，时态一致。少谓语， 多谓语，没有连接词。 数字表达不清：抄错数字，看串行。易混 淆的数字表达：是几倍？多几倍？
Task1 功能语料

Hale Waihona Puke 如何引入The chart/table/graph/diagram shows/describes/illustrates/reveals/presents that… 转写题目：去掉below 改成show information: data, details 时间：between….and… from...to… 抽象具体转化

写作步骤
1. 审题 坐标轴、图例 顶点、拐点、交点 文章的overview:图表中指最明显的特征或 整体趋势，流程图中指其共含几个阶段。

2.构思 分析图表的主要特征、规律、趋势。多个 图表的组合题目还需分析各表之间的关系。 选择有代表性的数据进行描述。采用数据 分类法、数据比较法、平铺直叙法还是显 著特征描述法？

线图(line chart)
1. 单根曲线图 特点：只有一根曲线，但是曲线的变化比 较复杂。 思路：重点是对关键点的把握。可以把曲 线分成若干阶段，对不同阶段的特征分别 进行描述。 一般采用平铺直叙法或突出特 征描述法。

例1. The line chart below show the growth of households with personal computers in the US. Write a short report for a university lecture describing the changes.
The line chart illustrates trend of households with personal computers in America from 1980 to 1988.
As can be seen from the graph, there is a steadily increasing tendency of personal computers in households in the US. In 1980, only two families in every one thousand families in the US possessed a personal computer. However, in 1981, there were forty families in every one thousand families in the US which possessed a computer. The figure is twenty times of that in 1980. From then on, the line continued to go up until 1987 when two hundred families in every one thousand families in the US had a personal computer; this is one hundred times of that in 1980s. In 1988, the rate of family computer reached as high as two hundred and ten in every one thousand families.
2. 多根曲线图 特点：存在多根曲线，且各个曲线之间的 变化差别很大，而单就某根曲线来说变化 并不复杂。 思路：在对单根曲线进行描述之后，要对 曲线之间的差异进行对比。在body 部分可 以根据曲线的根数分段。在分别描述之后， 可以加上一段文字，对这些曲线的总体变 化进行比较。

例：the diagram below shows changes in the popularity of cinema and television(1957-1974). Write a report on this topic.
The second graph throws a new light on the situation. This line expresses defense spending as a percentage of GNP, thus relating one factor in the economy to the progress of the economy as a whole. It reveals that with the exception of the 1965-1969 period the rise in the amount of money spent on defense was matches by a fall in its value proportionate to the GNP. It declined from a figure of 9.6% in 1956 to under 6% in 1975.