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Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特PPT

Brief Introduction Main works
Writing style
Robert Frost (1874~1963)
Born in San Francisco in 1874. At the death of his father , when frost was eleven , His mother brought him to Massachusetts .
Published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval
每节的韵式为abaab . 1—3节为第一层,诗人描述了选择人迹罕至的路并不是草率决定的,而 是经历了复杂的心理历程。描述了“我”站在岔路口,为不能同时涉足 两条路而遗憾,写出“我”的犹豫和久久思索:一条路平坦通畅,极目 可望见它的尽头;而另一条路幽寂荒凉,充满着引人探索的诱惑,但 “无限美景在险峰”, “我”终于选择了那条人迹更少的路,就让另一 条路留待后日去走,这显然是作者做出抉择后的一种自我安慰,因为 “我知道路径延绵无尽头,/恐怕我难以再回返”,虽然如此,但依然 义无返顾。 第4节为第二层,是作者多年以后的感慨, “我选择了人迹更少的一条, /从此决定了我一生的道路”。这告诉我们,人的一生面临着无数的选 择,而每一次选择都会对人生产生重要影响;一个人的一生怎样度过, 就看他在人生的岔路口做出了怎样的选择,选择不同,命运就会不同。
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 雪夜
林畔小驻
Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. 想来我认识这座森林, 林主的庄宅就在邻村, 却不会见我在此驻马, 看他林中积雪的美景。 我的小马一定颇惊讶: 四望不见有什么农家, 偏是一年最暗的黄昏, 寒林和冰湖之间停下。 它摇一摇身上的串铃, 问我这地方该不该停。 此外只有轻风拂雪片, 再也听不见其他声音。 森林又暗又深真可羡, 但我还要守一些诺言, 还要赶多少路才安眠, 还要赶多少路才安眠。
内容在抒发作者心中矛盾的情绪,因此这首诗又 可以说是一首田园式的抒情诗(pastoral lyric poem)。 从这首诗中象徵的意义上看来,这是一首有思想 的诗(a poem of idea),表现出作者对自然与人生 的看法。 全诗共分四节(stanzas),每节各四行(lines),每 一行 都是很规律的四步抑扬格 (iambic tetrameter)。押韵(rhyme)除最後一节外均为 /aaba/bbcb/ccdc/dddd/
Theme
表面上,作者只是在描写森林中美丽的雪景,抒发心中 矛盾情绪。作者来到森 林,一方面被美景所吸引,想要 探究自然的神秘;一方面他还有不得不做的事情。诗中 说得很清楚,停马下来是因为“To watch the woods fill up with snow”。主述人心中为何会有矛盾的情绪呢! 他说:“But I have promises to keep”。简而言之,主 述人想要表达的就是「矛盾情绪」的概念。从象徵的观 点上来看这首诗的意义便更深长了,因为诗人心中的小 冲突(small conflict)象徵著人生际遇中许多的大冲突 (large conflict)。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ulitzer Prize Winner
普利策奖也称为普利策新闻奖 1917年根据美国报业巨头约瑟夫〃普利策(Joseph Pulitzer)的遗愿设立,将财产捐赠给哥伦比亚大学, 设立普利策奖,奖励新闻界、文学界、音乐界的卓越 人士,自1917年以来每年颁发一次。获奖作品一直被誉 为“美国最负责任的写作和最优美的文字”,其新闻 奖是美国新闻界的最高荣誉,成为记者们职业生涯的 奋斗目标和最高梦想。
黄色的树林中分出两条道, The Road Not Taken 未选择的路 Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, 可惜我不能两条都选。 一人不能同行两条道, And sorry I could not travel both 我久立而难前。 And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could 放眼朝一条道望去, To where it bent in the undergrowth; 直到转角挡住了视野。 再看第二条路,同样佳美, Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, 也许还有更好的得著, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; 因它草绿待踏。 尽管那另一条道, Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, 差不多同样候人踏上。 那日清晨两条路同在眼前 And both that morning equally lay 都是落叶未经脚步踏 In leaves no step had trodden black. 哦,下一次再试那第一条吧! Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, 但心里深知一路通一路,越踏越深, I doubted if I should ever come back. 我疑惑应否回返原地。 我会以叹息付告此举, I shall be telling this with a sigh 在许久、许久的未来: Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I-- 两条道在树林中分叉而出,我-- 我选中了那条少人行走的路, I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. 它因此带来了全然不同的人生。
1963— Robert Lee Frost died on January 29 in Boston.
1.national
bard 游吟诗人
2. " 交替性的诗人",意指他处在传统诗歌 和现代派诗歌交替的一个时期 3.新英格兰的农民诗人
4.4 Pulitzer Prizes 普利策奖
5.received honorary degrees from 44 colleges 6.unofficial poet Laureate (桂冠诗人) 7.John F. Kennedy invited Frost to read at the inauguration. He recited “ The Gift Outright” 《全才》 by heart.
My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake.
象征与对比(Symbols and Contrast)
诗中最明显的象征与对比便是“woods”和“snow”。森林 可能象徵自然的神秘;雪可能象征纯洁,崇高等等。两者之 间构成强烈的对比。第一节中, 他停下马是“To watch the woods fill up with snow.”,这句话仿佛是在告诉我们神秘的 自然表面时常蒙著一层看似单纯的东西;表面上看起来 “lovely”,事实上却是“dark and deep”。“lovely”和 “dark and deep”便是象徵善与恶式的对比。最后主述人像 是在感叹著想要去探究那“dark and deep”中的神秘是不大 可能,因为人生中要做的事情实在太多了。 最後一行的“sleep”可能象征著「死亡」。这便是这首是更 深一层的含义,同时说明了作者对自然的态度。
诗剧
• 《理智的假面具》 (1945年) • 《慈悲的假面具》(1947年)
独创性与首创精神是我对我们国家诗歌 创作的希望__Robert Frost
弗罗斯特这一诗学理论的基石是爱默生的超 验主义哲学思想。爱默生坚信自然是人类 精神世界的物质外化,是个象征体系;弗 罗斯特也强调象征和隐喻在诗歌创作中的 极端重要性,注重挖掘图征、象征和类比 的艺术张力。
After graduating from high school in 1892, Frost entered Dartmouth College but soon left to work at odd jobs and to write poetry.
In 1897, he was accepted as a special student by Harvard but withdrew after two years because of his increasing dislike for academic convention. For the next twelve years, Frost made a minimal living by teaching and farming while continuing to write his poems.
In 1912, he and his family moved to England, where he found a publisher for his first book of verse, A boy’s will (1913) In 1914, Frost's second book, North of Boston, was published by David Nutt. Determined to win recognition in his native land, Frost returned to the US and settled on a farm in his native land. In 1915, Frost relocated his family to New Hampshire.
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