各种酸碱溶液[H+]计算公式类型质子平衡方程[H+]计算式简化条件一元强酸(c HA )][][-++=OHcHH A24][][][22WHAHAWHAkccHkHcH++==--+++精确式H AcH=+][610->HAc一元强碱(c B )][][+-+=HcOHH A24][][][22WBBWBkccOHkOHcOH++==-----BcH=+][610->Bc一元弱酸(c HA )][][][--++=OHAH0])[(][][23=-+-++++wawH AaakkHkckHkH精确式24][2HAaaackKkH++-=+近似式waH Akkc20>HAackH=+][最简式400/20≥≥aHAwaHAkckkcwHAakckH+=+][极稀极弱式400/20≥<aHAwaHAkckkc一元弱碱(c B )][][][+-+=HBOH0])[(][][23=-+-+---wbwBbbkkOHkckOHkOH精确式24][2BbbbckKkOH++-=-近似式wbBkkc20≥BbckOH=-][最简式400/20≥≥bBwbBkckkcwBbkckOH+=-][极稀极弱式400/20≥<bBwbBkckkc类型质子平衡方程[H+]计算式简化条件二元弱酸(c H2A )][][2][][2---+++=OHAHAH])[2(])[(][][21211212131422=-+---++++++waaAHaawawAHaaaakkkHckkkkHkckkkHkH精确式24][21211AHaaackKkH++-=+近似式400/2005.021122<≥<aAHwaHAaakckkcckkAHackH21][=+最简式400/2005.02111222≥≥<aAHwaAHaakckkcckk酸式盐NaHA c][][][][22--++=+OHAAHH][)][(][)][(])[(][1212112--+--+++=+=+HAkkHAkkHkHAkkHAkHawaawaaa精确式ckkckkHawaa++=+121)(][近似式[HA-]=cckckkHaaa+=+121][wakckcHA20][2≥=-21][aakkH=+122020][awakckckcHA≥≥=-弱酸弱碱盐NH4Acc3'3][][][][NHwa kkkOHNHHAcH=+=+-+][)][(][4'-++++=AckkNHkkHawaa精确式ckkckkHawaa++=+)(]['[Ac-]=[NH4+]=cckckkHaaa+=+'][wkcka20['≥'][aakkH=+awakckck2020'≥≥类型质子平衡方程[H+]计算式简化条件氨基酸ckkckkHawaa++=+121)(][近似式C为氨基酸的浓度ckckkHaaa+=+121][wakck202≥21][aakkH=+122020awakckck≥≥混合酸强酸c1+弱酸c2][][][][---+++=OHAClH2)(4)()(][21211aaakcckckcH++-+-=弱酸HAc1+弱酸HBc2][][][][---+++=OHBAH21][cKcKHH BH A+≈+[A-]=c1, [B-]=c2=缓冲溶液弱酸HB(c A)+共轭碱B-(c B)][][])[][(][-+-++-++-=OHHcOHHckHBAaBAa cckH=+][C A>> [OH-]-[H+]C B>>[H+]-[OH-]弱碱B-(c B)+共轭酸HB（c A)ABb cckOH=-][。