2019年高三一模语法填空汇编1.上海市黄浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21. __________ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22. __________ (die) from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally 23. __________ (confess) to the crime.24. __________ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25. __________ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Someday in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places tolook for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, 26. __________ counter-tops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an27. __________ (early) study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who 28.__________ (use) a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show 29.__________ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove 30. __________ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just botheryou?21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. that2.上海市普陀区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great worksof literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly (21)________ Joel Stein’s ManMade: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22)________ 1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven’t we all had a panic attack (23)________ learning we’re going to have a son, since that means we’re going to have to figure out how to throw footballs, watch other people throw footballs and decide (24)________ to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with firefighters, (25)________ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26)________ in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27)________ (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.(28)________ this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him as someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I (29)________ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear is (30)________ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.21. as 22. the 23. when 24. whether25. driving26. those 27. turned 28.Though/Although/While 29. have recommended 30. that3.上海市徐汇区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate（南方联盟）troops were led by perhaps (21) __________ (honored) military tactician（战略家）in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union（北方联盟）soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) __________ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) __________ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, (24) __________ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) __________ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident?Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee’s army. He had already been aware, for example, (26) __________ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) __________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker be came convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) __________ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) __________ (dismiss) as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) __________ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces wit hdrew in defeat.21. the most honored 22. whose 23. had won 24. exhausted 25. may 26. that 27. behind 28. assuring 29. were dismissed 30. to retreat4.上海市杨浦区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型A newly discovered tea plant is caffeine-freeThe world loves tea and some 3 million tons of tea are consumed every year. Tea can be good for health, as it contains compounds that help to lower cholesterol（胆固醇）and reduce the risk of heart disease. But there is a downside. Tea contains caffeine which, (21) __________ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety, insomnia and other problems.(22) __________ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but with little or (23) __________ of the caffeine has been found. Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) __________ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. (25) __________ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the tea plant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits.(26) __________ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000 metres (27) __________ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages.Now the researchers (28) __________ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitat while further studies are carried out. It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) __________ (breed) forcommercial use. A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30) __________ (report) Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. And others will wonder what else is out there.21. although 22. What 23. none 24. growing 25. As 26. Known 27. above28.are exploring 29. to be bred 30. has been reported5. 上海市崇明区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food DeliveryWorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes”, look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21) __________ (fast).(22) __________ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23) __________ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24) __________ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) __________ also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26) __________ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27) __________ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28) __________ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29) __________ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30) __________ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for24. meant 25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. beingcaught 29. which 30. that6. 上海市长宁嘉定区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Planting PatriotismYoung boys are not easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling .“Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed, ” Preston said , Preston’s mom , April Sharpsaid , “It is the first time（21）（see）him like this angry and passionate.”What upset her son so much was visiting his grandpa’s grave in Redding, California ,and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery has a flag. So April told him “son, (22) you are going to complain about something , you have to do something about it or let it go”Next thing April knew，Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations（23）_______________(buy)flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery，And when that cemetery(24)________(cover),he moved on to another，and then another.Here we are，nearly three years and about 65,000graves later. He does it every week(25)____________the weather is like，rain or shine---especially rain，”They were out there in the rain doing their job,(26)______________(protect)us，”Preston said，His devotion is infections.When word gets out(27)__________Preston will beat a cemetery---he has a Facebook page，Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people，like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland，feel(28)________________(oblige)to join in，”It’s amazing，”Loveland said.”What he’s doing brings(29)_____________out because we can’t believe a young man in this country is doing whathe does，”It is a movement of young and old，of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did，all led by a proud grandson(30)______________saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.21 .have seen 22.if/what/whenever 23. to buy 24.was covered/had been covered 25 .whatever 26. protecting 27.that 28. obliged 29.us 30. who/that嘉定区：People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook withthe promise of a fun, free service, (21) ________ realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send___（22）____ (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23)______ they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook -- you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)____ ____ many things -- your city, your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default （默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)____ (satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26)____ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27)______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done (28)____ (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29)______ (cancel) my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30)______ information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.7. 上海市松江区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Marvel and Disney Remember Stan Lee Today, Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus, Stan Lee. With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences（哀悼）(21) __________ his daughter and brother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of Marvel.“Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his heart (22) __________ exceed the scale of his imagination.”said Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company.Stan Lee loved the (23) __________ (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs (24) __________ he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company --- Timely Comics.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speak directly to his readers, (25) __________ (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day. Always pushing for new ways of creating comics, Stan also started the “Marvel method” of plotting and art, creating some of (26) __________ (fantastic) stories in the industry to this day. An entiregeneration of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge throughStan’s stories.Roy Thomas, (27) __________ succeeded Lee aseditor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two daysbefore (28) __________ death to discuss the upcomingbook The Stan Lee Story, and stated “I think hewas ready to go. But he was still talking aboutdoing more cameos（配角）. (29) _____ _____ _____ hehad the energy for it and didn’t have to travel,Stan was always up (30) __________ (do) something more.”Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salutethe life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls. Every time youopen a Marvel comic, Stan will be there.21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25. reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do8. 上海市宝山区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Ten year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with herfamily in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldierson the streets, and the country (21) __________ (occupy) by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat,and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decide to “relocate” the country's Jewish population. TheDanes don't know (22) __________ their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't knowwhere they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) __________ (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish. But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24) __________ (rescue) during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are much (25) __________ (big) than the story itself.Annmarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) __________ (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annmarie learns that (27) __________ (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) __________ you are afraid. That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing （预示）. But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) __________ (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowery, the author, has written many award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) __________ has made her so celebrated.21.is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/which9. 上海市奉贤区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21)______ (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22)______ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23)______ (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. Itreconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons (神经细胞) (24)______ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face (25) ______ ______ you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26)______ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress w as more importantthan (27)______ was objectively occurring in their lives. (28)______ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with (29)_______ who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30)______ raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.21.have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit24.to grow 25. so that26. which 27.what 28. Given/Having been given29.those 30. despite/though/ although10.上海市闵行区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21) ______ they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice.(22) ______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) ______ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) ______: “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things g o wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In health care, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) ______ ______ learning from failure, health care often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error.(30) ______ health care learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.21. if / when 22. To stretch 23. remaining24. failing25. What 26.which / that 27. it28.instead of29. are repeated 30. Until / Unless11. 上海市浦东新区区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a (21) _________ (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming (22) _________ (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) _________ may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) _________ one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growingregions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) _________ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, (26) _________ (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons (鲑鱼) (27) _________ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) _________ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying “crack” which youget when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It couldbe silenced (29) _________ shellfish have beenstruggling to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) _________ we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.21. less tasty 22.continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to 25. are estimated26. causing 27. whose 28.taken 29. because/since/as 30. that12. 上海市静安区2019年高三英语一模语法新题型"I love the work and experience I've gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management .Also, I've been told I can't ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will(21)____________(leave)within a year hurt my professional reputation?"The answer is," it depends."When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that(22)_______is terribly wrong, especially in the current economicclimate(23)________ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. That means you will somehow look suspicious (24)________you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they(25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player. Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26)_____ assume that you can't put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) ______ an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn't work for their budgets.So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire (28) ______ (develop) professionally. “It’s a tough decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it (29) ______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I will become (30) ______ (competitive) down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”21. leaving 22. something(it加0.5) 23.where 24. whatever 25. will question/question。