2020中考英语：现在完成时现在完成时态是中考必考的内容之一，既是重点，也是难点。

通过本文的指导，相信每一个同学对于现在完成时这一知识点的运用和应试也能得心应手。

一、现在完成时的意义及用法：1. 表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话者强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果（影响性）。

I have seen this movie, so I won’t go to the cinema.我已经看过这部电影了，因此我不去电影院。

（看这部电影是过去发生的，对现在的影响是已经知晓电影内容，不想再去看。

）2. 表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去或许也可能到此结束（持续性）。

We have learnt English for three years.我们已经学英语三年了。

（从三年前开始学英语，一直持续到现在，后续还可能继续学下去）注意：现在完成时态在大的范畴上属于现在时，不是过去时。

与一般过去时的区别：两个时态的动作都是发生在过去,但现在完成时强调的是动作持续到了现在,并对现在造成了影响,而一般过去时与现在没有任何关系,只是表达一个过去的动作,不涉及现在的情况。

(1)Tom have lived in China since 1999.(2)Tom lived in China in 1999.(1)句中强调Tom自从1999年就住在中国，从1999年一直到现在。

（2）句中强调Tom 在1999年住在中国，仅限于过去（1999年），现在情况如何无从知晓。

提醒：在平时的交际或作文中，能用现在完成时的，尽可能用现在完成时来表达。

二、现在完成时的结构主语 + have/has + 动词的过去分词三、常用搭配标志性时间状语：since + 过去时间点或一般过去时, so far, by + 现在时间非标志性时间状语：recently, for + 时间段常用副词：already, yet, still...四、现在完成时的考点1.当句中出现了过去的时间状语时，不能用现在完成时；同时，现在完成时也不能用when, what time提问。

例如：I have read this story book. I read it last month.我已经读过这本故事书。

我上个月读的。

（第一句中强调对现在的影响，用了现在完成时，但第二句中因为有了过去的时间状语last month，所以第二句不能用现在完成时，只能用一般过去时。

）例如：They have visited the Great Wall. When did they visit?他们已经参观过长城，他们什么时候参观的。

（第一句用现在完成时了，但第二句不能用现在完成时，因为是用when提问。

此句中用when或what time提问，就意味着是对具体的过去时间提问，所以也只能用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。

）2.时间状语for与since的区别for后面接时间段，since后面接过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子，二者可以互换。

I have stayed here for two hours.= I have stayed here since two hours ago.Kate has studied in this school since she came to China.3.当现在完成时的时间状语为for, since, in the last/past...时，其肯定句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。

（否定句可以是短暂性动词）例如：Jim’s grandfather has died for ten years.这是一个错误的句子，大家想一想，句子中的谓语动词是died,可以理解，无论如何die这个动词是瞬间动作，不可能持续10年，持续10年的是死亡的状态，所以这个句子应该改为：Jim’s grandfather has been dead for ten years.中考常见的短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换如下：borrow/lend—keep go/come—be in/at die—be deadbegin/start—be on buy—have leave—be away (from)arrive/get to/reach—be in/at join—be a member of平时我们在作文中，常见的转换规律是：先找找同义动词，再找形容词，最后找介词或副词短语。

延续性动词与短暂性动词不仅仅是存在于现在完成时中，在一些延续性时间状语的句子中都要注意这个问题，如how long...,until句型。

4.have/has gone to、 have/has been to和have/has been in/at的区别have/has gone to：已经去了（表示在去的路上或已经到了或已经在回来的路上，但切记：这个句型强调不在这里，看不到句子的）have/has been to：已经去过了（表示曾经过去，现在已经回来了）have/has been in/at：已经在……(已经在某地待了，是延续性)例如：--Kate, I haven’t seen you for long time.---_______________A.Where have you gone?B. Where have you been ?B. C. Where have you been in? D. Where have you gone to ?这题选B，可能许多同学选A，A项的意思是你去了哪儿，强调不在这儿，两者在互相对话，明显不符合。

B的意思是你去过哪儿，表示曾经去过，现在已经回来，符合题意。

五、专项练习题一、单选题（本大题共20小题，共20.0分）1.— Ningbo _______a lot in the past10 years.— Yeah, you`re right.A. changesB. has changedC. has been changedD. will change2.It's nice to see you again．We each other since 2020．（）A. won't seeB. don't seeC. haven't seenD. didn't see3.―Amy,can we give away these soft toys?We them for many years.―Mom,but I want to keep the bear.A. boughtB. hadC. have boughtD. have had4.--You know a lot about Chinese history, donˈt you?--Yes, I China for a long time since 1998.A. have come toB. have gone toC. have been toD. have lived in5.-_____ you ______ the magazine from the library yet?-Yes. I _____ it for three days.A. Have, borrowed; have keptB. Have borrowed; have borrowedC. Have , kept; have borrowedD. Have, kept, have kept6.－I hear you ________ the USA. When ________ you go there?－Last summer holiday.A. have been to; didB. have gone to; willC. have been to; doD. have gone; did7.So far many terrible natural disasters_______ lots of people lose their homes.A. madeB. makeC. have madeD. makes8.Today I will meet my best friend. We__________ each other since I left school.A. don’t seeB. didn’t seeC. won’t seeD. haven’t seen9.-_____________ did your uncle leave his home town？．-Let me see．He_______ for nearly twenty years．（）A. When；has leftB. When；has been awayC. How long；has leftD. How long；has been away10.This medicine millions of people's lives since it was put into use．（）A. is savingB. will saveC. has savedD. had saved11.--- How long has your daughter _______ the USA?--- Since 2020.A. been toB. gone toC. been inD. been away12.I________ the History Museum twice．I’ve learned a lot there．（）A. visitB. amvisitingC. have visitedD. will visit13.-Can you tell me how long you______the Huawei mobile phone，Mr．Zhang．-Nearly a year．It works very well．（）A. will buyB. have hadC. have boughtD. had had．14.The Dongying-Hainan airline for about 5 months. I have taken theflights three times.A. is openB. has openedC. has been openD. has been opened15.—I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. Where is he?—He ________ to America to study. He ________ there last Sunday.A. went; goesB. has gone; has goneC. has gone; went16.A couple of years _______ since we ______ last time．（）A. have passed；have metB. have past；have metC. has past；metD. has passed；met17.His parents for over 40 years and they love each other verymuch.A. have been marriedB. have marriedC. will marryD. married18.I _____ the book for two weeks．I must return it to the school library．（）A. borrowB. have borrowedC. keptD. have kept19.-Look!Your teacher Miss White is over there．-No，it can't be her．She ______ to Beijing．（）A. has goneB. has beenC. wentD. will go20.Hurry up!The play ___________ for ten minutes．（）A. has been onB. has begunC. had begunD. began六、答案和解析1.【答案】B【解析】句意：宁波在过去的10年当中改变了很多。