篇章词汇理解配套练习Passage 1Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement (47) as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it.There are several factors that (48) to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take (49) of all the important factors in a problem and to (50) to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and (51) of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are (52) in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to (53) the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply (54) and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more (55) example, which is in everybody's mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested(无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.Therefore ,with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments(增强) our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our (56) for evil ,if our purposes are unwise.A) halts B) discount C) dramaticD) contribute E) ceases F) accountG) attack H) attach I) inadequateJ) capacity K) engaged L) absorbM) distribute N) complex O) complexityPassage 2A book like this is never the work of a single author or even a small group of authors; rather there are many people and institutions whose (47) need to be acknowledged. In the first place, we wish to thank the many scholars and sales managers who have (48) so diligently over the last 20 years to move the study of sales management out of the dark ages and into the (49) of marketing thought. We would also like to (50) the special contributions of the Marketing Science Institute, which supported much of the recent research, and especially Steve Greyser, and Diane Schmalensee for their willingness to (51) MSI's energies and resources to the study of sales management before it became a fashionable topic.Scholars -- even those in marketing -- are sometimes not very customer-oriented, (52) when it comes to writing textbooks. We have made much effort to avoid such a heresy. (53), we offer special thanks to the more than 60 professors who (54) to our questionnaire about their attitudes toward the precious edition of this book. The information they (55) was very helpful in our effort to make the third edition a more useful book for teaching and learning.We also thank our many students over the years for their comments and suggestions. The book is better because of their insights.We hope we haven't forgotten anyone, and we apologize to those whose suggestions we failed to include. Needless to say, we assume full (56) for any errors or omissions in this book.A) consequently B) apply C) respondedD) provided E) responsibility F) justifiedG) finally H) labored I) mainstreamJ) patience K) acknowledge L) particularlyM) commit N) efforts O) disposePassage 3What does a young child's ability not to eat a marshmallow have to do with success in life? Quite a lot, as it turns out. The 4-year-old child who is able to hold out in order to receive a second treat is (47) more self-control that will serve him or her well as an adult.This ability to control one's (48) is just one part of what is called Emotional intelligence. The children who (49) it will grow up to be better (50) and more successful. Those kids who don't have it are less likely to succeed when it comes to meeting (51) and dealing with life frustrations.In the past, our concept of intelligence was mainly limited to the kinds of skills that enable one to do well in school. But Emotional Intelligence (52) what it means to be smart by focusing on how the mind (53) feelingsrather than ideas.There are many ways in which an understanding of Emotional Intelligence can be very handy. It can help parents (54) their children, help solve many social problems and help corporations (55) employees. These ideas are not very controversial, but some other processes of Emotional Intelligence. For example, some scholars are offended at the idea that such a (56) and abstract idea would be reduced to a simple numerical measure in the form of an "EQ".A) impulses B) popularizing C) demonstratingD) display E) rectifies F) adjustedG) challenges H) proceeds I) redefinesJ) complex K) manage L) raiseM) aspects N) processes O) complaintPassage 4Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives(47) in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our possibility to give and (48) support from one another under stressful conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to (49) with major life changes and daily problems. People with (50) social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people (51) themselves against illness. The studies also show the (52) of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they (53) us. When we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties, our self-respect is (54). Second, other people often (55) us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support -- money aid, material resources, and needed services -- that (56) stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.A) absence B) denial C) valueD) strengthened E) evolves F) provideG) reduces H) depends I) gotJ) receive K) acknowledge L) dealM) strong N) guard O) defendPassage 5As the world excitedly greeted Snuppy, the first cloned dog, commentators celebrated our cleverness. Many feel proud that our age is marked by technological (47)But an article in British newspaper The Observer recently said true innovation has (48) from our society.The writer was Peter Watson, author of the book “Ideas--A History from Fire to Freud”. Watson began: “The year 2005 can't begin to compete with 1905 in terms of (49) innovations.”“Writing a history of ideas over the past three years, I have been (50) time and again by the fact that, contrary to what we tell ourselves all the time--on TV, in newspapers and magazines, in (51) and in government propaganda--our present world is nowhere near as (52) and innovative as it thinks it is, certainly in comparison with past ages.”“Yes, we are dazzled by mobile phones, cameras, digital TV, and the www, by laser-guided surgery and bombs, by DNA fingerprinting, and now by cloning. These are not (53) things but do they change the way we think in important--in fundamental--directions?”Watson quo tes Richard Southern, Oxford University historian, who died last year: “Southern thought the most interesting times in history were 1050-1250 and 1750-1950.”“Each of these periods transformed our‟ understanding of ourselves (54)”.“But what great id eas or transformations have been (55) in the half-century since 1957” Watson asked, pointing out that except for a few innovations such as the Internet, most scientific research (56) modifies previous studies.A)rarely B) introduced C) merelyD) intimate E) distributed F) importantG) advances H) statistics I) radicallyJ) struck K) disappeared L) smallM) interesting N) advertising O) pessimisticPassage 6There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. This is, however, a (47) .No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it (48) as a basic skill. There are, however, (49) different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability.If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher‟s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe", this is to say, to avoid using words he is not sure of. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid (50) language. That‟s why teachers often (51) the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. In this way, students will be able to (52) their ideas more freely.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: "This work is (53)! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible." It may have been a sharp (54) of the pupil's technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had (55) to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more (56) to seek improvement.A) unimportant B) omitted C) specificallyD) encourage E) adventurous F) withdrawnG) vastly H) terrible I) motivationJ) reaction K) criticism L) indicateM) express N) misunderstanding O) resistantPassage 7Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon (47) their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an (48) reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the (49) memory of the house we lived in and of my room, and my toys. But I do have a crystal-clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my (50) had led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my (51) topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and (52). Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit (53) together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might (54) with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. A scientist requires not only (55) but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can (56) the two, you get the best of both worlds.A) combine B) connect C) self-disciplineD) enthusiasm E) regulations F) discoveriesG) dim H) eventually I) abandonedJ) honor K) disposed L) modestM) favorite N) early O) perfectlyPassage 8The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation's moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will (47) forward to improve it.But the challenge is not to be (48). Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that …I'm in it for me‟ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms. Elshtain says.Some of this can be (49) to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors (50) out for one another, she says. With today's greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been (51), replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality (52) the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that; Data show that Americans are (53) with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers. The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent “golden age” , Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that (54) opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the (55) of prejudice.Moral decline will not be (56) until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that can't be bought.”A) strengthened B) weakened C) contributedD) attributed E) look F) comeG) underestimated H) topped I) strugglingJ) concedes K) denies L) lesseningM) reversed N) disagrees O) overestimatedPassage 9If our society ever needed a reading renaissance (复兴), it's now. The National Endowment for the Arts released “Reading at Risk” last year, a study showing that adult reading (47) have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepes t drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teen-ager magazine, that would have (48),” laments a director of research and analysis. He (49) the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts would-be leisure readers to E-mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steve n Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You. Video games (50) problem-solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by (51) viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that can't be gained from these other sources, from (52) vocabulary to stretching the imagination. “If they're not reading at all,” says Johnson, “that's a huge problem.”In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data (53) last week from the National Center for Educational Statistic‟s long-term trend assessment, the number of 17-year-olds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun (54) from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the (55) of 17 year-olds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22.This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet taken a toll on reading ability. Scores for the nation's youth have (56) constant over the past two decades (with an encouraging upswing among 9-year-olds). But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this means poorly for the future.A). percent B).remained C). roseD). rates E）percentage F）countedG). relieved H). present I). believingJ). released K). forcing L). improveM). styles N). building O). attributes。