wavelength
– 波长小于0.4微米是紫外线和X光Below 0.4 – ultraviolet to x-rays – 波长大于700nm的光为红外线和微波。
Above 0.7 – infra-red to microwaves
Gamma
Visible
x-ray UV
IR
Microwave TV
Intensity can be generated by focusing a beam of laser light
– 普通光不能聚焦成很高的能量密度（或足够小的点）
Ordinary light does not focus down to a high enough power density (or small enough spot size)
• 激光焊接，W.W.Duley Laser Welding, W.W. Duley
• 激光加工，W.M.Steen • Laser Materials Processing, W. M. Steen • AWS 焊接手册，1-4 • AWS Welding Handbooks, 1-4 • 激光加工手册-美国激光协会出版
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我们为什么需要激光？
Why do we need Lasers?
• 材料加工需要吸收很强的光。
Absorption for materials processing requires very intense light
• 高强度的光可以通过激光聚焦成光束获得。
很多波长
Many wavelengths
不平行
Not parallel
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Light and Lasers
激光 Laser Light
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脉冲YAG激光（焊接）
Pulsed YAG Lasers (Welding)
闪光灯（光泵）Flash Lamp (Optical Pump)
激光频率
Laser Frequencies
波长 Wavelength
Range
远红外Far IR 近红外Near IR 可见光Visible
紫外光UV
激光种类 Laser
CO2 Nd:YAG Frequency doubled YAG Copper-Vapor Lasers Frequency tripled YAG Frequency quadrupled YAG Excimer
Do not hesitate to present different viewpoints
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光 Light
• 光是一种电磁辐射 Light is electro-magnetic radiation – 我们听不到.Waves that you cannot hear – 可见光的波长在0.4-0.7微米之间。Visible from 0.4-0.7 micron
Handbook of Laser Materials Processing
– Published by the Laser Institute of America
• 公开的相关文献 Published literature
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Color of an object (wavelength that it reflects)
颜色和光的波长是相关联的。
Color is associated with particular wavelength
黑色和白色代表着什么？
What is the meaning of black or white color?
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Galvo-光学器件
Galvo-Optics
Laser
WJM Technologies
Nutfield, Inc.
• 经常用于打标。Often used for marking applications
普通光Ordinary Light
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激光的聚焦 ITSM / ITIL
Focusing of Lasers
激光Laser Light
普通光 Ordinary Light
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请记住…..
Remember….. • 学习需要积极的参与
Learning requires active participation • 不耻下问
Feel free to ask questions • 无所顾及地提出个人不同见解
黑色表面吸收了YAG光，而白色在反射了大部 分光。
Black surface will absorb YAG light while white will reflect most of it
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• 逐渐受到焊接应用的青睐。Is gaining popularity for
welding applications
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Light and Lasers
激光Laser Light
普通光Ordinary Light
• 单频的（单波长）
Monochromatic (single wavelength)
• 校准的（平行光）
Collimated (parallel)
激光焊接 Lasers Welding
Girish P. Kelkar, Ph.D.
WJM Technologies
Excellence In Material Joining
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激光 LASER
• 受激辐射式光频放大器的英文第一个字母的缩写 Light Amplification by Stimulation of Emino-i Technology Limited All rights reserved
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脉冲打标激光
Pulsed Marking LasQe-srwsitch
Galvo Mirrors
M
Rod
M
Mirrors
频率 Frequencies
(mm)
10.64
1.064
0.532 0.510
0.354 0.266 0.15-0.35
• 上表只包括了大部分常用的和商业化的激光器。 Table includes only the most common and commercialized lasers。
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全反镜100% mirror
光纤Fibe 激光棒Laser Rod
90%反镜 90% mirror
• 闪光灯开关产生脉冲Flash lamp turns on and off to create pulses
• 光纤用于传送激光Fiber is used to transmit laser light
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参考资料 References
• 激光的工业应用-J.F.Ready Industrial Applications of Lasers, J. F. Ready
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脉冲YAG激光焊接典型示意图
Typical Layout for Pulsed YAG Welding Lasers
Focus
Frequency Multiplier
Lens
(not present in all markers)
• Q-switching produces very short pulses, 10-100 nano-sec • Cannot be used for welding • Laser light delivered directly; no fiber • Frequency can be doubled or tripled to get green or UV light