专题12 主谓一致本章节内容 1. 语法一致原则2.意义一致原则3.就近原则一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1.当and连接两个或多个名词或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends.Tom和Mike是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.Lucy和Lily都是学生。
2.either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone, everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。
3.each,each...and each...,every...and every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。
4.在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。
A++B+谓语动词+...1.The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物馆。
2.The captain,as well as the other players,was tired.队长还有其他运动员都感到累了。
3.The wallet,with the ID card and money,was lost.钱包,连同身份证和钱,都丢了。
5.“one,every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither等+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every one of the students is studying hard.每个学生都在用功学习。
Neither of the girls is pretty.这两个女孩儿都不漂亮。
6.“a number of+复数名词”意为“许多/大量……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of trees are cut down.许多树被砍倒了。
The number of the students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为32。
7.“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/most of+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Lots of people have been there before.以前很多人去过那儿。
Most of the computers are bought from Beijing.大部分电脑都是从北京买来的。
Two-thirds of the water has been polluted.三分之二的水已经被污染了。
8.由“a pair/a kind...+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs/kinds...+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table.桌子上有一副太阳镜。
Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天制作15双鞋。
9.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
My pants are worn out.我的裤子穿坏了。
10.不定式或v.-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Reading is learning.读书就是学习。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
用所给词的适当形式填空①Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began.②Neither of the two brothers (live)with their parents.③Playing baseball (be)Dale’s favourite sport.【答案】1.was2.lives3.is二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词是单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。
1.集体名词如family,crew,crowd,company,audience,committee,government,group等作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词需用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Class Twelve was first in the sports meeting.(指整体)在运动会中,12班是第一名。
Class Twelve are doing morning exercises in the playground.(指构成整体的成员)12班正在操场上做早操。
2.集体名词如people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,但clothing,traffic,furniture等无生命的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩儿找妈妈。
There isn’t any traffic on the road at the moment.这会儿路上没有车辆往来。
3.表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的名词复数或词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。
Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。
Fifty yuan was paid to Mr Green.付给格林先生50元钱。
4.有些专有名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The United States is on the south of Canada.美国在加拿大南边。
5.主语形式为复数而意义却为单数,如news,works(工厂)等或一些学科名称,如physics,politics,maths等,谓语动词需用单数形式。
Physics is my favourite subject.物理是我最喜欢的科目。
用所给词的适当形式填空1The whole class (be)greatly moved by his words.2The Chinese badminton team (be)playing magnificently.3The police (be)looking for the murderer.4His Selected Poems (be)first published in 1965.5I think physics (be)much more useful than maths.【答案】1.were2.is3.are4.was5.is三、就近原则1.由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。
Neither Tom nor I like this film.Tom和我都不喜欢这个电影。
2.在there be 或here be 句型中,如果有并列的名词作主语,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。
There is a girl and four boys in the room.房间里有一个女孩儿和四个男孩儿。
There are four boys and a girl in the room房间里有四个男孩儿和一个女孩儿。
题组训练用所给词的适当形式填空1.Not only students but also their teacher (object)to the plan.2.There (be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.3.Here (be)a letter and two books for you.【答案】1.objects2.are3.is练一练1. —Why are you late, Jim?—Because there a lot of traffic when I came here.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。
由后面的“when I came here.”可以确定主句用一般过去时态；there be句子的主语是traffic为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故本题答案为C。
2.. He _______ his classmates.A. get along well withB. get well withC. is getting along well withD. is get well with【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。
本题用排除法先排除不合适的选项。
句子主语是he，后面的动词如果是一般现在时态要用第三人称单数，先排除A、B两项；D项中is和get不能这样写在一起也排除，故答案为C。
3. In order to eat safely, I think we make some food by ourselves instead of buying some.A. used toB. prefer toC. had betterD. are supposed to【答案】C【解析】考查短语辩词。
句意为：为了吃的安全，我想我们最好不要买而是自己做食品。
used to“习惯于”；prefer to“更喜欢”；had better“最好”；are supposed to“应该”，结合句意选择C。