ABO 2,7,8-Trioxabicyclo[Ac AcetylACBZ 4-AzidobenzyloxycarbonylACE α-ChloroethoxycarbonylAcHmb 2-Acetoxy-4-methoxybenzyl Acm AcetamidomethylAd 1-AdamantylAdoc 1-AdamantyloxycarbonylAdpoc1-(1-Adamantyl)-1-methylethoxycarbo nylAIBN 2,2’-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) or AzobisisobutyronitrileAll AllylAlloc AlloxycarbonylAls AllylsulfonylAMB 2-(Acetoxymethyl)benzoylAN 4-Methoxyphenyl or anisylAnpe 2-(4-Acetyl-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl AO Atomic orbitalAOC Allyloxycarbonylp-AOM p-Anisyloxymrthyl or (4-methoxyphenoxy)methylAr Arylatm AtmosphereATP Adenosine 5’-triphosphate ATPase AdenosinetriphosphataseAzb p-AzidobenzylBam BenzamidomethylBBA Butane-2,3-bisacetalBBn p-Bromobenzyl9-BBN 9-Borabicyclo[BDMS BiphenyldimethylsilylBDT 1,3-Benzodithiolan-2-ylBic 5-Benzisoxazolymethoxycarbonyl Bmpc2,4-Dimethylthiophenoxycarbonyl Bmpm1,1-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1’-pyrenyl methylBMS Borane-methyl sulfideBn BenzylBOC t-Butylcarbonyl t-BOC t-ButylcarbonylBOM BenzyloxymethylBOPBenzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamin o) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate BOP-ClN,N-Bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphin icbp Boiling pointBpoc1-methyl-1-(4-biphenyl)ethoxycarbonylBpy 2,2’-Bipyridylbr Broad (spectral)BSA Bistrimethylsilyl acetamideBt Benzotriazo-1-yl or 1-benzotriazolyl BTBA Benzyltributylammonium chloride Bu Butyls-BU Sec-Butylt-Bu tert-ButylBum t-Butoxymethylt-Bumeoc1-(3,5-Di-t-butylphenyl)-1-methyletho xycarbonylBz BenzoxyloC Degree Celsiuscalcd CalculatedCam CarboxyamidomethylcAMP Adenosine cyclic 3’,5’-phosphate CAN Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate Cbz BenzyloxycarbonylCD Circular dichrosimCDI 1,1’-CarbonyldiimidazoleCee 1-(2-Chloroethoxy)ethylCI Chemical ionization (in MS) Configuration interaction (in MO theory) CIDNP Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarizationcm CentmeterCMPI 2-Chloro-1-methylpyridium chlorideCNDO Complete neglect of differential overlapCoc CinnamyloxycarbonylCOD 1,5-Cyclooctadieneconcd ConcentratedCOSY Correlation spectroscopyCOT CyclooctatetreneCp CyclopentadienylCPTr4,4’,4”-Tris(4,5-dichlorophthalimido)rip henylmethylCSA Camphorsulfonic acidCTMP1-[(2-Chloro-4-methyl)phenyl]-4-met hoxypiperidin-4-ylCys Cysteineδ Chemical shift in ppmd Day, doublet (spectral)DABCO 1,4-Diazabicyclo[DAM Di(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl DAST DiethylaminosulfurtrifluorideDB-t-BOC1,1-Dmethyl-2,2-dibromoethoxycarbo nylDBD-Tmoc2,7-Di-t-butyl[9-(10,10-dioxo-10,10,1 0,10-tetrahydrothioxanthyl)methy lcarbonylDBN 1,5-Diazabicyclo[DBU 1,8-Diazabicyclo[DCC Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide DCMME Dichloromethylammonium chlorideDDQ2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoqui nonede Diastereomeric excessDEAD DiethylazodicarboxylateDEIPS DiethylisopropylsilylDEPT Distortionless enhancement by polarization transferDG Diacyl glycerolDIAD Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate DIBAH Diisobutylalumium hydride DIBAL Diisobutylaluminum hydride Dim 2-(1,3-Dithianyl)methyl DIPEA DiisopropylethylamineDIPT Diisopropyl tartrateDMAC DimethylacetamideDMAD Diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate DMAP 4-DimethylaminopyridineDME DimethoxyethaneDMF N,N-DimethylformamideDMIPS DimethylisopropylsilylDmoc DithianylmethoxycarbonylDMP DimethylpropaneDmp DimethylphosphinylDMPM 3,4-DimethoxybenzylDMPU1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrhydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinoneDMS Dimethyl sulfateDMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide or methyl sulfoxideDMT DimethoxytritylDMTrDi(p-methoxyphenyl)phenylmethyl DNA Deoxyribonucleic acidDNB p,p’-DinitrobenzhyrrylDNMBS4-(4’,8’-Dimethoxynaphthylmethyl)ben zenesulfonylDNP 2,4-DinitrophenylDobzp-(Dihydroxyboryl)benzyloxycarbonyl DPM DiphenylmethylDPMS DiphenylmethylsilylDpp DiphenylphosphinylDPPA Diphenylphosphoryl azideDppe 2-(Diphenylphosphino)ethyl Dppm (Diphenyl-4-pyridyl)methylDpt DiphenylthiophosphinylDTBMS Di-t-butylsilyleneDts DithiasuccinimidylE1 Unimolecular eliminationE2 Bimolecular eliminationED50 Dose that is effective in 50% of test subjectsEDC1-Ethyl-3-(3’-dimethylaminopropyl)car bodiimideEDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EE 1-Ethoxyethylee Enantiomeric excessEI Electron impact (in MS)ESR Electron spin resonanceEt EthylFAB Fast atom bombardment (in MS) Fcm-NR2 N-FerrocenylmethylFD Field distortion (in MS)FG Founctional groupFID Flame ionization detection or Free induced decay (in NMR)Fm 9-FluorenylmethylFMOC 9-FluorenylmethylcarbamateFp η5FT Foutier transformg GramGC Gas chromatographyGTP Guanosine 5’-triphosphateGUM Guaiacolmethylh HourHCA HexachloroacetoneHex HexylHMDS1,11,3,3,3-Hexamethyldisilazane HMO Huckel molecular orbitalHMPA Hexamethylphosphoramide HMPT Hexamethylphosphoroustriamide HOBT 1-HydroxybenzotriazoleHOMO Highest occupied molecular orbitalHPLC High performance liquid chromatographyHRMS High-resolution mass spectrum hν Irradiation with lightHz HertzhZ HomobenzyloxycarbonylICR Ion cyclotron resonanceIDTr3-(Imidazole-1-ylmethyl)-4’,4”-dimeth oxytriphenylmethyl Im Imidazole-1-yl or 1-imidazolyl iMds2,6—Dimethoxy-4-methylbenzenesulfo nylINDO Incomplete neglect of differential overlapIP Ionization potentialIpaoc 1-Isopropylallyloxycarbonyl IPDMS IsopropyldimethylsilylIR InfraredJ Coupling constant (in NMR)k KiloKAPA Potassium 3-aminopropylamide KHMDS Potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or potassium hexamrthyldisilaneL Triphenylphosphine ligand or liter LAH Lithium aluminum hydrideLCAO Linear combination of atomic orbitalsLDA Lithium diisopropylamideLDBB 4,4’-Di-tert-butyybiphenyl ylide Lev LevulinoylLevS Levulinoyldithioacetal ester 4,4-(ethylenedithio)pentanoylLFER Linear free energy relationship LICA Lithium isopropylcyclohexylamideLHMDS Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or lithium hexamrthyldisilaneLTA Lead tetraacetateLTMP Lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidideLUMO Lowest unoccupied molecular orbitalμ Microm Multiple (spectral), meter, milliM Moles per liter or megaMAD Methylaluminum bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenoxide MBE 1-(Methyl-1-benzyloxyethylMBF2,3,3a,4,5,6,7,7a-Octahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanobenzofuran2-yl MBS p-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl MCPBA m-Chloroperbenzoic acidMds2,6-Dimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulfo nylm/e Mass to charge ratio (in MS) MEM α-MethoxyethoxymethylMeOZ p-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl Mes Mesityl 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl MHz Megahertzmin MinuteMINDO Modified intermediate neglect of differential overlapmM Millimoles per literMMTr p-Methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl MO Molecular orbitalmol MoleMOM MethoxymethylMoOPHOxodiperoxymolybdenum(pyridine) hexamethylphosphoramideMoz p-Methoxybenzyloxycarbonylmp Melting pointMPM p-Methoxyphenylmethyl or p-MethoxybenzylMps p-MethoxyphenylsufonylMpt DimethylthiophosphinylmRNA Messenger RNAMs Methanesulfonyl or mesylMS Mass spectrometryMSA Methanesulfonic acidMsib 4-(Methylsulfinyl)benzylMsz 4-Methylsulfinylbenzyloxycarbonyl Mtb 2,4,6-TrimethoxybenzenesufonylMte2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-methoxybenzen esulfonylMTHP 4-Methoxytetrahydropyranyl MTM MethylthiomethylMTMB 4-(methylthiomethoxy)butyryl MTMECO2-(Methylthiomethoxy)ethoxycarbonyl MTMT2-(Methylthiomethoxymethyl)benzoxy Mtpc 4-MethylthiophenoxycarbonylMtr2,3,6-Trimethyl-4-methoxybenzenesulf onylMts2,3,6-Trimethylbenzenesulfonyl(mesity lenesulfonyl)m/z Mass to charge ratio (in MS)n naoNAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH Reduced NADNBA N-BromoacetamideNBS N-BromosuccinimideNCS N-ChlorosuccinimideNi(acac)2 Nickel acetylacetonateNIS N-IodosuccinimideNi(R) Raney NickelNMM N-Methyl morpholineNMR Nuclear magnetic resonanceNoc 4-NitrocinnamyloxycarbonylNOE Nuclear Overhauser effect NOESY Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopyNPS 2-NitrophenylsulfenylNpys 3-Nitro-2-pyridinesulfenylNu NucleophileOD Optical densityONB o-NitrobenzylORD Optical rotary dispersionot Oven temperaturePADA Potassium azodicarboxylate PCC Pyridinium chlorochromatePDC Pyridinium dichromatePdCl2(tpp)2Dichlorobis[tris(2-methylphenyl)phosp hine]palladiumPd2(dba)3Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium PE PhotoelectronPeoc 2-Phosphonioethoxycarbonyl or 2-(Triphenylphosphonio)ethoxycarbon ylPet 2-(2’-Pyridyl)ethylPG Protective groupPh Phenylφ PhenylPhen 1,10-PhenanthrolinePhenoc 4-Methoxyphenacyloxycarbonyl Phth PhthaloylPixyl 9-(9-Phenyl)xanthenylPMB p-MethoxybenzylPMBM p-MethoxybenzoxymethylPmc2,2,5,7,8-Pentamethylchroman-6-sulfo nylPme Pentamethylbenzenesulfonyl PMS p-MethylbenzylsulfonylPNB p-NitrobenzoylPNBSP p-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl peroxidePOM 4-Pentenyloxymethyl or PivaloxymethylPPA Polyphosphoric acidPPE Polyphosphate esterppm Parts per mollionPpoc2-Triphenylphosphonioisopropoxycarbo nylPPTS Pyridinium p-to;uenesulfonatePr Propyli-Pr IsopropylPsec 2-(Phenylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl PTM PhenylthiomethylPTC Phase-transfer catalysisPv PivaloylPy PyridinePyoc 2-(2’- and 4’-pyridyl)ethoxycarbonylq QuartetRf Retention factorrRNA Ribosomal RNArt Room temperatures Singlet or secondScm S-CarboxymethylsulfenylScmCl Methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chlorideSEM TrimethylsilylmeyhoxyethylSES β-TrimethylsilylethanesulfonylSET Single electron transferSMOM(Phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl SN1 Unimolecular nucleophilic substitutionSN2 Bimolecular nucleophilic substitutionSN ’ Nu cleophilic substitution with allylic rearrangementSnmS-(N’-Methyl-N’-phenylcarbamoyl)sulfe nylSTABASE 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyldisilyl azacyclopentaneSu Succinimidylt TripletT acm Trimethylacetamidomethyl TBAF Tetrabutylammonium fluoride TBAI Tetrabutylammonium iodide TBDMS t-ButyldimethylsilylTBDPS t-ButyldiphenylsilylTBDSTetra-t-butoxydisiloxane-1,3-diylidene TBHP t-Butyl hydroperoxideTBMPS t-ButylmethoxyphenylsilylTBS TributylsilaneTBTr4,4’-4”-Tris(benzyloxy)triphenylmethyl TcBoc1,1-Dimethyl-2,2,2-trichloroethoxycar bonylTCNE TetracyanoethyleneTCNQ7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Tcroc2-(Trifluoromethyl)-6-chromonylmethy lene carbonylTcrom2-(Trifluoromethyl)-6-chromonylmethy leneTDS ThexyldimethylsilylTEA TriethylamineTEAB Tetraethylammonium bromide TEBAC Benzyltriethylammonium chlorideTebbs’TED Triethylene diamineTeoc 2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl TES TriethylsilylTf TrifluoromethanesulfonylTFA Trifluoroacetic acidTFAA Trifluoroacetic acidTfOH Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Thexyl 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butylTHF TetrahydrofuranTHP TetrahydropyranTIPDS1,3-(1,13,3-Tetraisopropyldisiloxanyllid ene)TIPS TriisopropylsilylTLTr4,4’,4”-Tris(levulinoxy)triphenylmethyl TMEDA N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethylethylene diamineTMG 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidine TMP 2,26,6-Tetramethyl piperidine TMPM TrimethoxyphenylmethylTMS Trimethylsilyl or Tetramethylsilane TMSEC2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonylTMTr Tri(p-methoxyphenyl)methylTol TolylTorr 1 mmHgTos p-ToluenesulfonylTPAP Tetrapropylammonium perruthanate (Pr)4NRuO4TPP TetraphenylporphineTPS TriisopropylbenzenesulfonylTPS TriphenylsilyltR Retention timeTr Trityl (triphenylmethyl)Triton B Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Tritylone 9-(9-Phenyl-10-oxo)anthryl Troc 2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl Ts p-Toluenesulfonyl or TosylTS Transition stateTSA p-Toluenesulfonic acidTse 2-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)ethyl TsOH p-Toluenesulfonic acidTyrOH TyrosineUV UltravioletVoc VinyloxycarbonylZ Benzyloxycarbonyl。