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《药学英语》PPT教学课件-unit 4
Slide 14 of 31
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Prentice-Hall © 2007
• 化学是研究物质的科学。在学习 化学这一点上,我们不能将“物质” 这个词仅限于它的科学定义上,而 应该对它的实际含义有整体的理解。 物质的常见的例子如水、糖、盐、 铜、铁、氧气以及你能想到的其他 许多东西。
Inorganic chemistry
• the branch of chemistry concerned with the elements and compounds which do not contain carbon .
Organic chemistry
• The chemistry of carbon compounds.
Biochemistry
• The chemistry of living organisms and life processes.
➢Protein ➢Carbohydrate ➢Fat ➢Nucleic acid
Vocabulary
• Indicate indication: 适应症
eg: penicillin is indicated for the treatment of bacterial infection. contraindication:禁忌症
吃的食物、穿的衣服、建造的房屋、赢得战
争的方法、对抗疾病的方法——在一定可以
预见的程度上,所有的一切都因为有机化学
而变得时尚。很多有价值的自然产品(天然
产物)通过化学修饰(稍微的修改),可以
变得更有用;而其他的天然产物经过合成,
可以获得比从自然中攫取更廉价,种类更多
的产品。
Slide 16 of 31
Hydrochloric acid
Zn + HCl Zn2+ + H2 + 2Cl-
Which subjects about chemistry have you learned until now?
Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Physical chemistry Analytic chemistry Macromolecular chemistry Biochemistry Medical chemistry
➢ [ often pass.] med to show a need for; suggest Eg: The change in his illness indicates the use of
stronger drug.
Benjamin Franklin
• He was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politicain, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman and diplomat. As a scientist he was a major figure in the Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and a musical instrument.
• The only major carbon compounds considered inorganic are carbonates (for instance, calcium carbonate which is one of the major forms of mineral on Earth) and oxides, such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.
二、特殊给药对象
❖ 1、妊娠最初三个月的妇女 ❖ 2、哺乳期的妇女 ❖ 3、5岁以下儿童 ❖ 4、过敏患者
三、常用句型
❖ 1、禁用本品 ❖ 2、慎用 ❖ 3、请遵医嘱 ❖ 4、适用于 ❖ 5、已证实本品……引起的病症有预防和治疗
作用。 6、推荐用于…的治疗 7、eg 8
Slide 13 of 31
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Prentice-Hall © 2007
科学在现代社会中起着很重要的作用,
以至于没人敢说他理解他所生存的世界, 除非他理解了科学。(在现代社会,科 学扮演着如此重要的角色,以至于没人 能确定他了解这个他所生活,or生存的 世界,除非他对科学有很好的理解。) (只有真正理解科学的人才能明白科学 在现代社会中扮演的重要角色。)
化学与物质
• 为什么学习化学?正如本杰明,弗兰克 林之前所陈述的那样,一个重要的原因 是----正是通过化学及其相关科学,人类 获得了力量,思想的力量以及超越物质 的力量。大约200年前,Franklin提到科 学在飞速发展。我们知道科学发展的速 度不断加快,到目前为止,由于科技的 进步,我们所生活的世界与弗兰克林时 代相比已经发生了巨大的变化。
❖ (14)关节炎
(15)白血病
❖ (16)化疗/放疗 (18)过敏反应
(17)拮抗剂/激动剂 (19)心衰
❖ (20)贫血
(21)肝肾功能不全
❖ (22)胃溃疡
(23) 肾结石
❖ (24)惊厥
(25)癫痫
❖ (26)肝炎
(27)感冒
❖ (28)头疼/牙痛/肚子痛/喉咙痛 (29)发热
❖ (30)胎盘屏障/血脑屏障 (31)出血
Chemical change, or chemical reaction: one or more kinds of matter are converted with different compositions.
Gold bracelet
Zinc-plated (iron inside) nail
Slide 15 of 31
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Prentice-Hall © 2007
• 在过去的一个世纪里,有机化学的显著发
展已经为大工业的应用铺平了道路,在很多
方面(以多种形式)丰富了我们的生活。社
会的各个方面被先进的有机技术影响着(都
受到了有机化学技术进步的影响)——我们
He indicated his willingness with a nod of his head. ➢ to show (the direction in which one is turning in a
vehicle) with hand signals, lights, etc. Eg: don’t forget to indicate before turning.
eg:Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to quinolone.
Vocabulary
• Indicate ➢ to point to; draw attention to 指出;引起注意 ➢ to show or make clear, esp. by means of a sign Eg:
Pharmaceutical English
Text one chemistry and matter
Properties of Matter
Chemistry is the science that deals with the composition and
properties of matter.
Maห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ter:
Occupies space, has mass and inertia
Composition: Parts or components ex. H2O, 11.19% H and 88.81% O
Properties: Distinguishing features physical and chemical properties
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Prentice-Hall © 2007
近些年来,合成的物质在结构上
和天然物质越来越接近,就产品的质 量、多样性和独特性等优势上都取得 了发展。另外,人类已经利用充足的 天然资源例如煤炭、水、空气、石油、 天然气以及常见的农作物去生产大量 的自然界中所没有的一系列物质。
Classification of Matter
• Matter is made of atoms • 114 elements :periodic table. • About 90% available from natural sources • Compounds are comprised of two or more elements. • Molecules are the smallest units of compounds.
Physical Properties and Physical Changes
A sample of matter displays without changing its composition. Sulfur lump
copper lump
Sulfur powder
Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
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