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Part I. The birth of cinema
In terms of commercial filmmaking, France’s film industry, the world’s strongest before World War I, occupied a struggling role after the war No other country had a so firm commitment to the medium as an art form or so rich a culture of journals and clubs devoted to criticizing and viewing innovative film work By 1895, Auguste and Louis Lumiè re developed a lightweight, hand-held camera that used a claw mechanism to advance the film roll. They named it the Ciné matographe Their first screening for the general public was held in Paris in December 1895; Lumiè re, innovative filmmakers as well as inventors and manufacturers
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Part II. The classics
Georges Melies (1861-1938), professional magician, first saw the new "moving pictures" in 1895; Melies made over 500 films, but his most famous -- Voyage dans la lune, Le (1902) (Voyage to the Moon); father of special effects in the movies
French Cinema
Past and present
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Outline
Introduction Part I. The birth of cinema Part II. The classics Part III. The 7th art in the 21th century Conclusion References
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Introduction
Until World War I, European filmmakers dominated the world film market. France was considered the leading film-producing country U.S. companies soon took over markets overseas, using the same tactics of high-volume production and lower prices that the Europeans had. By the 1920s some three-quarters of films screened around the world came from the United States France, though no longer dominant, remained a center for theorizing about cinema and producing innovative and experimental works New artistic movements like surrealism, poetic realism and nouvelle vague (new wave), brought new concepts to filmmaking and revitalized the role of France as a leader in world cinema culture
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a. The directors
Cocteau, Jean (1889-1963), French poet, novelist, dramatist, designer, and filmmaker. La belle et la bê te (Beauty and the Beast, 1946), Orphé e (1950), and Les enfants terribles (1950) Malle, Louis (1932-1995), French director of influential and often controversial motion pictures Zazie dans le Mé tro (Zazie, 1960); Le Souffle au Coeur (A Murmur of the Heart, 1971); Au Revoir, les Enfants (Goodbye, Children) Truffaut, Franç ois (1932-1984), French motion-picture director and critic, a leader of the nouvelle vague (new wave); 400 Blows (1959), The Last Metro (1980) Renoir, Jean (1894-1979), French actor and motion-picture director, one of the master filmmakers of world cinema, son of impressionist painter Pierre Auguste Renoir; Nana (1926), Madame Bovary (1934), Grand Illusion (1937)