这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语 句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候， 除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…” 结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子 完整。

英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的 或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此， 在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情 况适当地删减。
（一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要 （她的从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并 不（是）奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男 人要（他从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来， 也许是很有趣的事。

1. 我们要培养分析问题、 解决问题的能力。 We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 2. 郭沫若同志曾说: “中国人历来是勇于探索、勇于创 造、勇于革命的。” Comrade Guo Moro once said: “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.” 3. 他们为国家做的事, 比我们所做的多得多。 They have done much more for the state than we have.





1. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.)
2. 子曰: “学而不思则罔, 思而不学则殆。” Confucius said: “He who learns without thinking is lost. He who thinks without learning remains puzzled.”

4. 词类转换法
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英译汉时词类转换的核心是根据需要将具有动作 性的名词转换为汉语的动词，或者将可表示概念 的动词转换为汉语名词。
汉译英时则反其道而行之。
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For students of composition, an awareness that rhetorical patterns differ from one culture to another can help them become more quickly proficient in a writing pattern that is not native to them.


lofty aspirations 雄心壮志 / 壮心不已 with each passing day 日新月异
hard evidence 真凭实据
help the poor and needy 扶贫帮困 1. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 A large family has its difficultiee will not succeed unless one works hard.
2、知己知彼，百战不殆 You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. 3、凡是在科学技术上有建树者，都是工作最勤奋， 并且勇于创新的人。 Those who have made original contributions to science and technology are the ones who have worked the hardest and have not been afraid to break new ground.


5. 林则徐认为, 要成功地禁止鸦片买卖, 就得 首先把鸦片焚毁。 Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. Precede v. （written）在…之前发生（或出 现）；先于 be preceded by
5. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
6. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter.

英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用 连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关 系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开 介词和冠词。
另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的 词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证 译文意思的明确。
3. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
4. 交出翻译之前, 必须读几遍, 看看有没有要修改的地 方，这样你才能把工作做好。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do your work well.
I’ve long believed that a hard landing in China would be preceded by a price collapse in copper and other industrial commodities. 我长久以来一直认为，铜和其他工业品的价格崩溃后，随 之而来的就是中国经济的硬着陆。
汉英翻译的几种常用技巧 （一）
常用的翻译技巧
1. 增译 2. 减译（省译） 3. 重复 4. 转译
5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并 7. 正说反译, 反说正译 8. 语态变换
1. 增译法

增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习 惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以 便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
3. 重复法


We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 He had it all written out neatly. 他把它写得清清楚楚。


3. 我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。 Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)
4. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国 力有了明显的增强。 Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)



This experiment is a great success. 这次实验是极为成功的。
1. 一定要少说空话，多做工作。 There must be less empty talk and more hard work.


2. 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good.
2. 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure.

根据有效句子的判断标准：
1．一致性Unity 2．连贯性Coherence 3．简练性Conciseness 4．多样化Variety 5．强调性Emphasis 6．韵律性Rhythm 重复可以使短文具有一致性，强调性，简练性，韵律 性，同时起到平衡作用
7. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers(英['kɒblə] 美['kɑblɚ] )with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.
2. 减译法

增译法的反面
减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来, 因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意, 或者在译文 中是不言而喻的;
学习写作的人若能意识到各种文化在修辞模式 上的差别，则有助于他们迅速掌握对他们来说 是外在的写作模式。


Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折。 Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 他们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。