考研英语：翻译真题精讲（2）一、全真试题The differences in relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.（71）Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating. Some，however，are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take，by persons in authority，act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.（72）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. It can be predicted，however，that from time to time，questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. It is therefore generally valuable to treat the scientific establishment as a resource or machine to be kept in functional order.（73）This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.This kind of support，like all government support，requires decisions about the appropriate recipients of funds. Decisions based on utility as opposed to lack of utility are straight forward. But a decision among projects none of which has immediate utility is more difficult. The goal of the supporting agencies is the praisable one of supporting “good” as opposed to “bad” science，but a valid determination is difficult to make. Generally，the idea of good science tends to become confused with the capacity of the field in question to generate an elegant theory.（74）However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects.（75）New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.二、翻译题解（71）Some of these causesarecompletely reasonable results of social needs. Othersarereasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，介词短语Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. // Others are reasonable consequences //of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.解析：这是两个简单句。
在所有英译汉真题中，划线部分都是一个句子，要么是一个简单句，要么是一个复合句，由两个简单句构成一个考题这是惟一的一次。
这两个简单句都是主系表结构。
（1）主干结构是对比句Some... are... reasonable results of... Others are reasonable consequences of...（2）介词短语of particular advances作定语修饰consequences；in science作定语修饰advances；分词短语being to some extent self-accelerating作定语修饰science。
词的处理：reasonable results合理的结果，必然结果others代词=other reasons，应译成名词“其他原因”。
reasonable consequences=reasonable resultsparticular advances in science科学中的特定发展being self-accelerating分词短语，修饰名词science。
accelerate意为“加速”，self-accelerating意为“自我加速的”。
to some extent在某种程度上to...extent意为“在……程度上”，其他例子如：to a large（或great）extent在很大程度上to that extent到那个程度to an（或a certain）extent在一定程度上are... results of是……的结果，来自于技巧点拨：（1）these causes中的these在此为指示代词，由于它修饰名词，相当于形容词，一般直接翻译成代词，而不需要译成名词。
但如果出现表达不清，或者补充说明之后更清楚，则可以根据文章的意思加以还原。
（2）Some of these causes其字面意思为“这些原因中的一些原因是......”，不太符合汉语习惯，可以进行拆分，调整为“在这些原因中，有些（原因）是......”或者““其中一些原因”。
（3）in science being to some extent self-accelerating中to some extent作状语修饰being self-accelerating，字面意思为“在某种程度上自我加速的科学”。
那么与前面的中心连在一起就成了“在某种程度上自我加速的科学的特定发展的必然结果”，不是很通顺，可以将动作发出者提前，调整为“科学在某种程度上自我加速的特定发展的必然结果”，根据增词法可以更进一步调整为“科学在某种（一定）程度上自我加速而产生的某些特定发展的必然结果”。
完整译文：在这些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求，另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果。
（72）This trendbeganduring the Second World War,whenseveral governmentscame tothe conclusionthatthe specific demandsthata governmentwantsto make of its scientific establishmentcannotgenerallybe foreseenin detail.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion // that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment // cannot generally be foreseen in detail.凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！第 3 页 共 6 页解析：这是一个多重复合句。
This trend began 是主谓结构的主句，during the Second World War 是介词短语作状语修饰主句，when several governments came to the conclusion 是定语从句修饰the Second World War, that the specific demands cannot be foreseen 是名词conclusion 的同位语从句，而that a government wants to make 是修饰the specific demands 的定语从句，of its scientific establishment 是修饰make 的状语，in detail 是修饰foreseen 的状语。