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2010年长春市中考数学试题及答案

2010年长春市初中毕业生学业考试数学试题一、选择题(每小题3分,共24分)1. 15的相反数为( )A . 1 5B .- 15C .5D .-52.下列几何体中,主视图为右图是( )3.不等式2x -1≤5的解集在数轴上表示为( )4.今年6月11日,我省九个地区的最高气温与最低气温如图所示,则这九个地区该天的最高气温的众数为( ) A .27°C B .29°C C .30°C D .31°C5.端午节时,王老师用72元钱买了荷包和五彩绳共20个,其中荷包每个4元,五彩绳每个3元.设王老师买荷包x 个,五彩绳y 个,根据题意,下面列出的方程组正确的是( )A .⎩⎨⎧x +y =203x +4y =72B .⎩⎨⎧x +y =204x +3y =72C .⎩⎨⎧x +y =724x +3y =20D .⎩⎨⎧x +y =723x +4y =206.如图,在△ABC 中,∠C =90º,∠B =40º,AD 是角平分线,则∠ADC =( ) A .25º B .50º C .65º D .70º7.如图,锐角△ABC 的顶点A 、B 、C 均在⊙O 上,∠OAC =20º,则∠B =( ) A .40º B .60º C .70º D .80º 8.如图,平面直角坐标系中,OB 在x 轴上,∠ABO =90º,点A 的坐标为(1,2).将△AOB绕点A 逆时针旋转90º,点O 的对应点C 恰好落在双曲线y = kx(x >0)上,则k =( )A .2B .3C .4D .6OBAD Cyx第8题图BACD第6题图A .B .C .D . A . B . C . D .0 0 0 3 3 2 2BACO第7题图白城31-19°C松原 31-19°C 长春31-19°C吉林31-17°C 延边 29-15°C 白山27-14°C四平 31-19°C通化 29-17°C辽源30-17°C二、填空题(每小题3分,共18分)9.因式分解:a -a 2= .10.写一个比5小的正整数,这个整数是 (写出一个即可).11.为了帮助玉树地区重建家园,某班全体师生积极捐款,捐款金额共3200元,其中5名教师人均捐款a 元,则该班学生共捐款 元(用含有a 的代数式表示). 12.如图,双曲线y 1=k 1x (k 1>0)与直线y 2=k 2x +b (k 2>0)的一个交点的横坐标为2,那么当x =3时,y 1 y 2(填“>”、“=”或“<”).13.如图,⊙P 与x 轴切于点O ,点P 的坐标为(0,1),点A 在⊙P 上,并且在第一象限,∠APO =120º.⊙P 沿x 轴正方向滚动,当点A 第一次落在x 轴上时,点A 的横坐标 为 (结果保留 ).14.如图,抛物线y =ax 2+c (a <0)交x 轴于点G 、F ,交y 轴于点D ,在x 轴上方的抛物线上有两点B 、E ,它们关于y 轴对称,点G 、B 在y 轴左侧.BA ⊥OG 于点A ,BC ⊥OD 于点C .四边形OABC 与四边形ODEF 的面积分别为6和10,则△ABG 与△BCD 的面积之和为 .三、解答题(每小题5分,共20分)15.先化简,再求值:(x +1)2-2x +1,其中x =2.16.一个不透明的口袋中装有红、黄、白小球各1个,小球除颜色外其余均相同.从口袋中随机摸出一个小球,记下颜色放回,再随机摸出一个小球.请你用画树形图(或列表)的方法,求出两次摸出的小球颜色相同的概率.17.第16届亚运会将在广州举行.小李预定了两种价格的亚运会门票,其中甲种门票共花费280元,乙种门票共花费300元,甲种门票比乙种门票多2张,乙种门票价格是甲种门票价格的1.5倍,求甲种门票的价格.18.如图,将一个两边带有刻度的直尺放在半圆形纸片上,使其一边经过圆心O,另一边所在直线与半圆交于点D、E,量出半径OC=5cm,弦DE=8cm,求直尺的宽.四、解答题(每小题6分,共12分)19.(1)在图①中,以线段m为一边画菱形,要求菱形的顶点均在格点上(画一个即可).(2)在图②中,平移a、b、c中的两条线段,使它们与线段n构成以n为一边的等腰直角三角形(画一个即可).m nabc图①图②AB C DE FG H A B C 种类4611569份数 020 120 100 80 60 40 A 、B 、C 三种报纸销售量的条形统计图20.如图,望远镜调节好后,摆放在水平地面上.观测者用望远镜观测物体时,眼睛(在A点)到水平地面的距离AD =91cm ,沿AB 方向观测物体的仰角 =33º,望远镜前端(B 点)与眼睛(A 点)之间的距离AB =153cm ,求点B 到水平地面的距离BC 的长(精确到0.1cm ,参考数据:sin33º=0.54,cos33º=0.84,tan33º=0.65).五、解答题(每小题6分,共12分)21.如图,四边形ABCD 与四边形DEFG 都是矩形,顶点F 在BA 的延长线上,边DG 与AF 交于点H ,AD =4,DH =5,EF =6,求FG 的长.22.小明参加卖报纸的社会实践活动,他调查了一个报亭某一天A 、B 、C 三种报纸的销售量,并把调查结果绘制成如下条形统计图.(1)求该天A 、C 报纸的销售量各占这三种报纸销售量之和的百分比. (2)请绘制该天A 、B 、C 三种报纸销售量的扇形统计图.(3)小明准备按上述比例购进这三种报纸共100份,他应该购进这三种报纸各多少份?A B C DE GF AEBFGC D 23.如图,在△ABC 中,AB =AC ,延长BC 至D ,使CD =BC .点E 在边AC 上,以CD 、CE 为邻边作□CDFE .过点C 作CG ∥AB 交EF 于点G ,连接BG 、DE .(1)∠ACB 与∠DCG 有怎样的数量关系?请说明理由.(2)求证:△BCG ≌△DCE .24.如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AB ∥DC ,∠ABC =90º,∠A =45º,AB =30,BC =x (15<x <30).作DE ⊥AB 于点E ,将△ADE 沿直线DE 折叠,点A 落在F 处,DF 交BC 于点G .(1)用含有x 的代数式表示BF 的长.(2)设四边形DEBG 的面积为S ,求S 与x 的函数关系式.(3)当x 为何值时,S 有最大值,并求出这个最大值.25.如图①,A、B、C三个容积相同的容器之间有阀门连接.从某一时刻开始,打开A容器阀门,以4升/分的速度向B容器内注水5分钟,然后关闭,接着打开B阀门,以10升/分的速度向C容器内注水5分钟,然后关闭.设A、B、C三个容器的水量分别为y A、y B、y C(单位:升),时间为t(单位:分).开始时,B容器内有水50升.y A、y C与t的函数图象如图②所示.请在0≤t≤10的范围内解答下列问题:(1)求t=3时,y B的值.(2)求y B与t的函数关系式,并在图②中画出其图象.(3)求y A∶y B∶y C=2∶3∶4时t的值.图①26.如图①,在平面直角坐标系中,等腰直角△AOB的斜边OB在x轴上,顶点A的坐标为(3,3),AD为斜边上的高.抛物线y=ax2+2x与直线y=12x交于点O、C,点C的横坐标为6.点P在x轴的正半轴上,过点P作PE∥y轴,交射线OA于点E.设点P 的横坐标为m,以A、B、D、E为顶点的四边形的面积为S.(1)求OA所在直线的解析式.(2)求a的值.(3)当m≠3时,求S与m的函数关系式.(4)如图②,设直线PE交射线OC于点R,交抛物线于点Q.以RQ为一边,在RQ的右侧作矩形RQMN,其中RN=32.直接写出矩形RQMN与△AOB重叠部分为轴对称图形时m的取值范围.2010年长春市初中毕业生学业考试 数学试题参考答案及评分标准一、选择题(每小题3分,共24分)1.B2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.C8.B 二、填空题(每小题3分,共18分)9.()1a a - 10.1(答案不唯一) 11.32005a - 12.< 13.2π314. 4 三、解答题(每小题5分,共20分)15.解:原式=2221212x x x x ++-+=+ ······················································ (3分) 当2x =时,原式=()2224+=. ····························································· (5分)16.解:或············································································································· (3分)P ∴(两次摸出的小球颜色相同)=13. ·························································· (5分) 17.解:设甲种门票的价格为x 元.根据题意,得28030021.5x x-=.····································································· (3分) 解得40x =.经检验,40x =是原方程的解,且符合题意.答:甲种门票的价格为40元. ······································································ (5分) 18.解:过点O 作OM DE ⊥于点M ,连接OD .12DM DE ∴=. 8DE =,4DM ∴=. ···························································· (3分) 在Rt ODM △中,5OD OC -=, 2222543OM OD DM ∴=-=-=.∴直尺的宽度为3cm. ·············································· (5分)四、解答题(每小题6分,共12分) 19.解:(1)以下答案供参考:············································································································· (3分)(2)以下答案供参考:············································································································· (6分) 20.解:过点A 作AE BC ⊥于点E . 在Rt ABE △中,sin BEABα=. ···································································· (2分)153AB =α=33︒,.sin331530.5482.62BE AB ∴=︒=⨯=·. ····················································· (4分) BC BE EC BE AD ∴=+=+ =82.62+91=173.62≈173.6(cm ).答:点B到水平地面的距离BC 的长约为173.6cm. ··········································· (6分)五、解答题(每小题6分,共12分)21.解:四边形ABCD 和四边形DEFG 为矩形, 9090DAF DAB G DG EF ∴∠=∠=︒∠=︒=,,. 65EF DH ==,.651GH DG DH EF DH ∴=-=-=-=. 在Rt ADH △中,4AD =,2222543AH DH AD ∴=-=-=. 90G DAH FHG DHA ∠=∠=︒∠=∠,FGH DAH ∴△∽△. ··············································································· (4分) FG GHDA AH∴=. 14433GH DA FG AH ⨯∴===·. ····································································· (6分) 22.解:(1)46100%20%.4611569⨯=++69100%30%4611569⨯=++.∴该天A C 、报纸的销售量各占这三种报纸销售量之和的20%和30% ·················· (2分) (2)A B C 、、三种报纸销售量的扇形统计图如图所示:············································································································· (4分) (3)10020%20⨯=(份), 10050%50⨯=(份), 10030%30⨯=(份).∴小明应购进A 种报纸20份,B 种报纸50份,C 种报纸30分. ······················· (6分) 六、解答题(每小题7分,共14分) 23.(1)解:ACB GCD ∠=∠, 理由如下:.AB AC ABC ACB CG AB ABC GCD =∴∠=∠∴∠=∠,∥,..ACB GCD ∴∠=∠ ·················································································· (3分) (2)证明:四边形CDFE 是平行四边形, ...EF CD ACB GEC EGC GCD ACB GCD GEC EGC EC GC ∴∴∠=∠∠=∠∠=∠∴∠=∠∴=∥.,, A B C 、、三种报纸售量的扇形统计图 A 20% C30% B50%GCD ACB GCB ECD BC DC ∠=∠∴∠=∠=,.,.BCG DCE ∴△≌△ ················································································ (7分) 24.解:(1)由题意,得30EF AE DE BC x AB =====,,230BF x ∴=-.······················································································ (2分) (2)4590F A CBF ABC ∠=∠=︒∠=∠=︒,,45BGF F ∴∠=∠=︒.230BG BF x ∴==-.221122DEF GBF S S S DE BF ∴=-=-△△ =()221123022x x -- 23604502x x =-+-. ··············································································· (5分) (3)()2233604502015022S x x x =-+-=--+. 301520302a =-<<<, , ∴当20x =时,S 有最大值,最大值为150. ·················································· (7分)七、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)25.解:(1)当3t =时,504362B y =+⨯=. ··············································· (2分)(2)根据题意,当05t ≤≤时,504B y t =+.当510t <≤,()7010510120B y t t =--=-+. ································································ (6分) B y 与t 的函数图象如图②所示. ···································································· (8分)(3)根据题意,设234A B C y x y x y x ===,,.234506070x x x ++=++.图②图②解得20x =.240360480A B C y x y x y x ∴======,,.由图象可知,当40A y =时,510t ≤≤,此时101201020B C y t y t =-+=+,. 1012060t ∴-+=. 解得6t =.102080t +=. 解得6t =.∴当6t =时,234A B C y y y =∶∶∶∶ ·························································· (10分)26.解:(1)设直线OA 的解析式为y kx =.点A 的坐标为(3,3).33k ∴=. 解得1k =.∴直线OA 的解析式为y x =. ······································································ (1分)(2)当6x =时,116322y x ==⨯=. C ∴点的坐标为(6,3),抛物线过点C (6,3)33626a ∴=+⨯. 解得14a =-. ································································ (3分) (3)根据题意,()()3060D B ,,,.点P 的横坐标m ,PE y ∥轴交OA 于点E ,()E m m ∴,.当03m <<时,如图①,OAB OED S S =△△-S =1136339222m m ⨯⨯-⨯=-+. 当3m >时,如图②, 1163322OBC ODAS S m ==⨯⨯-⨯⨯△△-S 93.2m =- ······························································································· (7分) (4)33m =-或94m =或34m <≤. ····················································· (10分) 提示:如图③,RQ RN =时,33m =-, 图①如图④,AD 所在的直线为矩形RQMN 的对称轴时,94m =, 如图⑤,RQ 与AD 重合时,重叠部分为等腰直角三角形,3m =;如图⑥,当点R 落在AB 上时,4m =. 所以34m <≤.图③图④ 图⑤图⑥。

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