2010年英语国家概况复习提纲（双专业）一、考试题型1、选择题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。
2、判断正误题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。
3、术语翻译（英译汉10%）：10术语，每个术语1分。
4、名词解释（20%）：5个术语，每个4分。
5、简答题（30%）：6个小题，每题5分。
6、论述题（20%）：2个小题，每题10分。
二、考试范围美国部分全部10章。
三、考试依据教材、课程PPT四、考试重点1、重点翻译术语：(1) New Frontier 新边疆(2) the Civil Rights Movement 民权运动(3) the Great Society 伟大社会(4) the Counterculture Movement 反主流文化运动(5) the New Left Movement 新左派运动(6) the Anti-War Movement 反战运动(7) the Strategic Defence Initiative 战略防御措施(8) the Populist Party人民党(9) Star Wars星球大战(10) Monroe Doctrine门罗主义(11) Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义(12) the Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划(13) the Missile Crisis 导弹危机(14) the House Un-American Activities Committee 众议院非美活动调查委员会(15) WASP 白人盎格鲁—撒克逊新教徒(16) indentured servants 契约佣工(17) the Civil War 美国内战(18) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种协进会(19) model minority 模范少数族裔(20) Indian Reservations 印第安人保留区(21) Gold Rush淘金热(22) Supreme Court最高法院(23) the Court of Appeals 上诉法院(24) the District Court地区法庭(25) judicial review 司法复审(26) the House of Representatives 众议院(27) chief justice 首席大法官(28) associate justice 大法官(29) the Articles of Confederation《邦联条例》(30) winner-take-all 赢者通吃/ （美国总统选举中）胜者获得所有选举人选票(31) grants-in-aid programs联邦拨款项目(32) the midterm election中期选举(33) Watergate Scandal水门事件丑闻(34) Electoral College选举人团(35) laissez faire自由放任(36) post-industrial society后工业社会(37) Sherman Antitrust Act谢尔曼反托拉斯法(38) New Deal新政(39) National Labor Relations Board全国劳工关系委员会(40) Social Security system 社会保障制度(41) Food Stamp食物劵(42) Aid to Families with Dependent Children未成年人家庭援助计划(43) original jurisdiction 初审管辖权(44) grand jury 大陪审团(45) petit jury 小陪审团(46) the Department of Justice 司法部(47) the Attorney General 司法部长/ 总检察长(48) the Solicitor General 司法部副部长/副总检察长(49) Common Law 习惯法(50) civil law 民法(51) criminal law 刑法(52) the Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局(53) due process of law 正当法律程序(54) charter school 特许公立学校(55) school voucher 教育劵(56) associate degree 准学位(57) community college 社区大学(58) the Bilingual Education Act 双语教育法(59) affirmative action program 积极行动方案(60) reverse discrimination 反向歧视(61) compulsory education 义务教育(62) city upon a hill 山巅之城(63) the Great Awakening 大觉醒运动(64) rummage sales 旧杂物义卖(65) the Grand Canyon 大峡谷(66) British Commonwealth英联邦(67) the Department of State国务院(68) Secretary of Commerce商务部长2、重点名词解释术语(1) American Dream[Answer for reference: The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each according to ability orachievement.](2) WASP(3) judicial review(4) federalism(5) the midterm election(6) Electoral College(7) laissez faire(8) New Deal(9) Medicare(10) Medicaid(11) grand jury(12) petit jury(13) the adversary system(14) affirmative action program(15) reverse discrimination(16) Manifest Destiny(17) straight ticket(18) split ticket3、简答题复习范围（共24题）(1) Describe the four recognizable and definable topographic regions in the United States. (Unit 1)(2) What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region? (Unit 1)(3) How did the South and the North differ from each other in their economic development before the Civil War? (Unit 2)(4) From what parts of Europe did immigrants mainly come in the 17th, 18th and much of the 19th centuries? (Unit 3)(5) How is the President elected? What are the presidential election’s proceedings? (Unit 4)(6) What qualifications does one need in order to vote in the U.S.? (Unit 4)(7) What are the powers of the US president? (Unit 4)(8) What was Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the development of the new Republic? (Unit 5)(9) What are the main characteristics of the post-industrial society? (Unit 5)（答案以ppt为准）(10) What were the two key traditional attitudes of Americans towards social services? (Unit 6)(11) What are the main areas covered by social security in the U.S.? (Unit 6)(12) The U.S. has a three-tiered national court system. What are the three levels? (Unit 7)(13) What are the four categories of institutions in the higher education system in the United States? (Unit 8，参考答案见ppt)(14) What reforms have been made in the United States over the past several decades for its public schools? (Unit 8)(15) What are the major differences between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism? (Unit 9)[Answer for reference: Both Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are branches of Christianity. Their differences lie mainly in two aspects. First, according to Roman Catholicism, the Pope is the authority of God’s revelation, while Protestantism believes that the Bible is the only source of revelation. Second, in Roman Catholicism, there is an episcopal hierarchy, while in Protestantism believes in the universal priesthood of all the believers.](16) In what ways do American parents try to instill independent spirit in their children? (Unit 10)[Answer for reference: America parents try to instill independent spirit in their children in three ways. First, they expect their children to find part-time jobs. Second, they expect their children to leave home at an earlier age than in most other countries. Third, they expect their children to contribute to or pay for things that go beyond food, clothing, and shelter when they are above a certain age.](17) Describe the symbols in the national flag of the U.S. and their respective symbolic meanings.（参加ppt的Introduction）(18) Describe the major symbols in the front side of the grand seal of the U.S. and explain their respective symbolic meanings. （参加ppt的Introduction）(19) What were the major ideas in the Declaration of Independence?[Answer for reference: The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the power of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of government was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.](20) What are the differences between the Democrats and the Republicans in terms of class orientation and attitude towards the role of federal government in public life? （答案参见教材第161页第3段）(21) List at least three factors which can help explain the low turnout in the presidential election.（答案参见教材第162页最后一段）(22) Explain in plain language the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights (1791) which states that “Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibting the free exercise thereof.”（参见教材第209页第3段）(23) What are the four principles of government in American Constitution?（答案以ppt为准）(24) What are the five major elements of American Creed?（答案参见ppt）。